This Article
Right arrow Full Text
Right arrow Full Text (PDF)
Right arrow Alert me when this article is cited
Right arrow Alert me if a correction is posted
Services
Right arrow Similar articles in this journal
Right arrow Similar articles in PubMed
Right arrow Alert me to new issues of the journal
Right arrow Download to citation manager
Right arrowReprints and Permissions
Right arrow Copyright Information
Right arrow Books from ASM Press
Right arrow MicrobeWorld
Citing Articles
Right arrow Citing Articles via HighWire
Right arrow Citing Articles via Google Scholar
Google Scholar
Right arrow Articles by Hueck, C. J.
Right arrow Search for Related Content
PubMed
Right arrow PubMed Citation
Right arrow Articles by Hueck, C. J.

 Previous Article  |  Next Article 

Microbiol Mol Biol Rev, June 1998, p. 379-433, Vol. 62, No. 2
1092-2172/98/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1998, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Type III Protein Secretion Systems in Bacterial Pathogens of Animals and Plants

Christoph J. Hueck*

Lehrstuhl für Mikrobiologie, Biozentrum der Universität Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany

Various gram-negative animal and plant pathogens use a novel, sec-independent protein secretion system as a basic virulence mechanism. It is becoming increasingly clear that these so-called type III secretion systems inject (translocate) proteins into the cytosol of eukaryotic cells, where the translocated proteins facilitate bacterial pathogenesis by specifically interfering with host cell signal transduction and other cellular processes. Accordingly, some type III secretion systems are activated by bacterial contact with host cell surfaces. Individual type III secretion systems direct the secretion and translocation of a variety of unrelated proteins, which account for species-specific pathogenesis phenotypes. In contrast to the secreted virulence factors, most of the 15 to 20 membrane-associated proteins which constitute the type III secretion apparatus are conserved among different pathogens. Most of the inner membrane components of the type III secretion apparatus show additional homologies to flagellar biosynthetic proteins, while a conserved outer membrane factor is similar to secretins from type II and other secretion pathways. Structurally conserved chaperones which specifically bind to individual secreted proteins play an important role in type III protein secretion, apparently by preventing premature interactions of the secreted factors with other proteins. The genes encoding type III secretion systems are clustered, and various pieces of evidence suggest that these systems have been acquired by horizontal genetic transfer during evolution. Expression of type III secretion systems is coordinately regulated in response to host environmental stimuli by networks of transcription factors. This review comprises a comparison of the structure, function, regulation, and impact on host cells of the type III secretion systems in the animal pathogens Yersinia spp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Shigella flexneri, Salmonella typhimurium, enteropathogenic Escherichia coli, and Chlamydia spp. and the plant pathogens Pseudomonas syringae, Erwinia spp., Ralstonia solanacearum, Xanthomonas campestris, and Rhizobium spp.

* Mailing address: Lehrstuhl für Mikrobiologie, Biozentrum der Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany. Phone: 49-931-8884421. Fax: 49-931-8884402. E-mail: hueck{at}biozentrum.uni-wuerzburg.de.

Microbiol Mol Biol Rev, June 1998, p. 379-433, Vol. 62, No. 2
1092-2172/98/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1998, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


This article has been cited by other articles:

  • Desin, T. S., Lam, P.-K. S., Koch, B., Mickael, C., Berberov, E., Wisner, A. L. S., Townsend, H. G. G., Potter, A. A., Koster, W. (2009). Salmonella enterica Serovar Enteritidis Pathogenicity Island 1 Is Not Essential for but Facilitates Rapid Systemic Spread in Chickens. Infect. Immun. 77: 2866-2875 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Bjornfot, A.-C., Lavander, M., Forsberg, A., Wolf-Watz, H. (2009). Autoproteolysis of YscU of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis Is Important for Regulation of Expression and Secretion of Yop Proteins. J. Bacteriol. 191: 4259-4267 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Brutinel, E. D., Vakulskas, C. A., Yahr, T. L. (2009). Functional Domains of ExsA, the Transcriptional Activator of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa Type III Secretion System. J. Bacteriol. 191: 3811-3821 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • El Solh, A. A., Alhajhusain, A. (2009). Update on the treatment of Pseudomonas aeruginosa pneumonia. J Antimicrob Chemother 0: dkp201v1-dkp201 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Degnan, P. H., Yu, Y., Sisneros, N., Wing, R. A., Moran, N. A. (2009). Hamiltonella defensa, genome evolution of protective bacterial endosymbiont from pathogenic ancestors. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 106: 9063-9068 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Yoshimochi, T., Hikichi, Y., Kiba, A., Ohnishi, K. (2009). The Global Virulence Regulator PhcA Negatively Controls the Ralstonia solanacearum hrp Regulatory Cascade by Repressing Expression of the PrhIR Signaling Proteins. J. Bacteriol. 191: 3424-3428 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Morello, J. E., Collmer, A. (2009). Pseudomonas syringae HrpP Is a Type III Secretion Substrate Specificity Switch Domain Protein That Is Translocated into Plant Cells but Functions Atypically for a Substrate-Switching Protein. J. Bacteriol. 191: 3120-3131 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Zhou, X., Konkel, M. E., Call, D. R. (2009). Type III secretion system 1 of Vibrio parahaemolyticus induces oncosis in both epithelial and monocytic cell lines. Microbiology 155: 837-851 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Ku, C.-P., Lio, J. C.-W., Wang, S.-H., Lin, C.-N., Syu, W.-J. (2009). Identification of a Third EspA-binding Protein That Forms Part of the Type III Secretion System of Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli. J. Biol. Chem. 284: 1686-1693 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Axler-DiPerte, G. L., Hinchliffe, S. J., Wren, B. W., Darwin, A. J. (2009). YtxR Acts as an Overriding Transcriptional Off Switch for the Yersinia enterocolitica Ysc-Yop Type 3 Secretion System. J. Bacteriol. 191: 514-524 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Kleba, B., Stephens, R. S. (2008). Chlamydial Effector Proteins Localized to the Host Cell Cytoplasmic Compartment. Infect. Immun. 76: 4842-4850 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Stone, C. B., Johnson, D. L., Bulir, D. C., Gilchrist, J. D., Mahony, J. B. (2008). Characterization of the Putative Type III Secretion ATPase CdsN (Cpn0707) of Chlamydophila pneumoniae. J. Bacteriol. 190: 6580-6588 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Jeong, J.-H., Song, M., Park, S.-I., Cho, K.-O., Rhee, J. H., Choy, H. E. (2008). Salmonella enterica Serovar Gallinarum Requires ppGpp for Internalization and Survival in Animal Cells. J. Bacteriol. 190: 6340-6350 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Kodama, T., Hiyoshi, H., Gotoh, K., Akeda, Y., Matsuda, S., Park, K.-S., Cantarelli, V. V., Iida, T., Honda, T. (2008). Identification of Two Translocon Proteins of Vibrio parahaemolyticus Type III Secretion System 2. Infect. Immun. 76: 4282-4289 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • El Solh, A. A., Akinnusi, M. E., Wiener-Kronish, J. P., Lynch, S. V., Pineda, L. A., Szarpa, K. (2008). Persistent Infection with Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Ventilator-associated Pneumonia. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 178: 513-519 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Amadou, C., Pascal, G., Mangenot, S., Glew, M., Bontemps, C., Capela, D., Carrere, S., Cruveiller, S., Dossat, C., Lajus, A., Marchetti, M., Poinsot, V., Rouy, Z., Servin, B., Saad, M., Schenowitz, C., Barbe, V., Batut, J., Medigue, C., Masson-Boivin, C. (2008). Genome sequence of the {beta}-rhizobium Cupriavidus taiwanensis and comparative genomics of rhizobia. Genome Res 18: 1472-1483 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Shen, D.-K., Filopon, D., Chaker, H., Boullanger, S., Derouazi, M., Polack, B., Toussaint, B. (2008). High-cell-density regulation of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa type III secretion system: implications for tryptophan catabolites. Microbiology 154: 2195-2208 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Mumy, K. L., Bien, J. D., Pazos, M. A., Gronert, K., Hurley, B. P., McCormick, B. A. (2008). Distinct Isoforms of Phospholipase A2 Mediate the Ability of Salmonella enterica Serotype Typhimurium and Shigella flexneri To Induce the Transepithelial Migration of Neutrophils. Infect. Immun. 76: 3614-3627 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Ko, J.-h., Izadjoo, M., Altman, S. (2008). Inhibition of expression of virulence genes of Yersinia pestis in Escherichia coli by external guide sequences and RNase P. RNA 14: 1656-1662 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Wei, M., Yokoyama, T., Minamisawa, K., Mitsui, H., Itakura, M., Kaneko, T., Tabata, S., Saeki, K., Omori, H., Tajima, S., Uchiumi, T., Abe, M., Ohwada, T. (2008). Soybean Seed Extracts Preferentially Express Genomic Loci of Bradyrhizobium japonicum in the Initial Interaction with Soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merr. DNA Res 15: 201-214 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Dai, W.-J., Zeng, Y., Xie, Z.-P., Staehelin, C. (2008). Symbiosis-Promoting and Deleterious Effects of NopT, a Novel Type 3 Effector of Rhizobium sp. Strain NGR234. J. Bacteriol. 190: 5101-5110 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Zalewska-Piatek, B., Bury, K., Piatek, R., Bruzdziak, P., Kur, J. (2008). Type II Secretory Pathway for Surface Secretion of DraD Invasin from the Uropathogenic Escherichia coli Dr+ Strain. J. Bacteriol. 190: 5044-5056 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Wood, S. E., Jin, J., Lloyd, S. A. (2008). YscP and YscU Switch the Substrate Specificity of the Yersinia Type III Secretion System by Regulating Export of the Inner Rod Protein YscI. J. Bacteriol. 190: 4252-4262 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Kage, H., Takaya, A., Ohya, M., Yamamoto, T. (2008). Coordinated Regulation of Expression of Salmonella Pathogenicity Island 1 and Flagellar Type III Secretion Systems by ATP-Dependent ClpXP Protease. J. Bacteriol. 190: 2470-2478 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Pilonieta, M. C., Munson, G. P. (2008). The Chaperone IpgC Copurifies with the Virulence Regulator MxiE. J. Bacteriol. 190: 2249-2251 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Handfield, M., Baker, H.V., Lamont, R.J. (2008). Beyond Good and Evil in the Oral Cavity: Insights into Host-Microbe Relationships Derived from Transcriptional Profiling of Gingival Cells. JDR 87: 203-223 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Betts, H. J., Twiggs, L. E., Sal, M. S., Wyrick, P. B., Fields, K. A. (2008). Bioinformatic and Biochemical Evidence for the Identification of the Type III Secretion System Needle Protein of Chlamydia trachomatis. J. Bacteriol. 190: 1680-1690 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Fennelly, N. K., Sisti, F., Higgins, S. C., Ross, P. J., van der Heide, H., Mooi, F. R., Boyd, A., Mills, K. H. G. (2008). Bordetella pertussis Expresses a Functional Type III Secretion System That Subverts Protective Innate and Adaptive Immune Responses. Infect. Immun. 76: 1257-1266 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Silva-Herzog, E., Ferracci, F., Jackson, M. W., Joseph, S. S., Plano, G. V. (2008). Membrane localization and topology of the Yersinia pestis YscJ lipoprotein. Microbiology 154: 593-607 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Clock, S. A., Planet, P. J., Perez, B. A., Figurski, D. H. (2008). Outer Membrane Components of the Tad (Tight Adherence) Secreton of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. J. Bacteriol. 190: 980-990 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Kim, H. G., Kim, B. H., Kim, J. S., Eom, J. S., Bang, I.-S., Bang, S. H., Lee, I. S., Park, Y. K. (2008). N-terminal residues of SipB are required for its surface localization on Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. Microbiology 154: 207-216 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Thune, R. L., Fernandez, D. H., Benoit, J. L., Kelly-Smith, M., Rogge, M. L., Booth, N. J., Landry, C. A., Bologna, R. A. (2007). Signature-Tagged Mutagenesis of Edwardsiella ictaluri Identifies Virulence-Related Genes, Including a Salmonella Pathogenicity Island 2 Class of Type III Secretion Systems. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 73: 7934-7946 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Wang, L., Makino, S., Subedee, A., Bogdanove, A. J. (2007). Novel Candidate Virulence Factors in Rice Pathogen Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzicola as Revealed by Mutational Analysis. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 73: 8023-8027 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Bossi-Kupfer, M., Genini, A., Peduzzi, R., Demarta, A. (2007). Tracheobronchitis caused by Aeromonas veronii biovar sobria after near-drowning. J Med Microbiol 56: 1563-1564 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Paetzold, S., Lourido, S., Raupach, B., Zychlinsky, A. (2007). Shigella flexneri Phagosomal Escape Is Independent of Invasion. Infect. Immun. 75: 4826-4830 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Reboutier, D., Frankart, C., Briand, J., Biligui, B., Rona, J.-P., Haapalainen, M., Barny, M.-A., Bouteau, F. (2007). Antagonistic action of harpin proteins: HrpWea from Erwinia amylovora suppresses HrpNea-induced cell death in Arabidopsis thaliana. J. Cell Sci. 120: 3271-3278 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Kim, B. H., Kim, H. G., Kim, J. S., Jang, J. I., Park, Y. K. (2007). Analysis of functional domains present in the N-terminus of the SipB protein. Microbiology 153: 2998-3008 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Coutard, F., Lozach, S., Pommepuy, M., Hervio-Heath, D. (2007). Real-Time Reverse Transcription-PCR for Transcriptional Expression Analysis of Virulence and Housekeeping Genes in Viable but Nonculturable Vibrio parahaemolyticus after Recovery of Culturability. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 73: 5183-5189 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Salvetti, S., Ghelardi, E., Celandroni, F., Ceragioli, M., Giannessi, F., Senesi, S. (2007). FlhF, a signal recognition particle-like GTPase, is involved in the regulation of flagellar arrangement, motility behaviour and protein secretion in Bacillus cereus. Microbiology 153: 2541-2552 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Negrea, A., Bjur, E., Ygberg, S. E., Elofsson, M., Wolf-Watz, H., Rhen, M. (2007). Salicylidene Acylhydrazides That Affect Type III Protein Secretion in Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 51: 2867-2876 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Creuzburg, K., Schmidt, H. (2007). Molecular Characterization and Distribution of Genes Encoding Members of the Type III Effector NleA Family among Pathogenic Escherichia coli Strains. J. Clin. Microbiol. 45: 2498-2507 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Ramos, A. R., Morello, J. E., Ravindran, S., Deng, W.-L., Huang, H.-C., Collmer, A. (2007). Identification of Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae 61 Type III Secretion System Hrp Proteins That Can Travel the Type III Pathway and Contribute to the Translocation of Effector Proteins into Plant Cells. J. Bacteriol. 189: 5773-5778 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Ghelardi, E., Celandroni, F., Salvetti, S., Ceragioli, M., Beecher, D. J., Senesi, S., Wong, A. C. L. (2007). Swarming Behavior of and Hemolysin BL Secretion by Bacillus cereus. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 73: 4089-4093 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Zheng, J., Li, N., Tan, Y. P., Sivaraman, J., Mok, Y.-K., Mo, Z. L., Leung, K. Y. (2007). EscC is a chaperone for the Edwardsiella tarda type III secretion system putative translocon components EseB and EseD. Microbiology 153: 1953-1962 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Silver, A. C., Kikuchi, Y., Fadl, A. A., Sha, J., Chopra, A. K., Graf, J. (2007). Interaction between innate immune cells and a bacterial type III secretion system in mutualistic and pathogenic associations. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 104: 9481-9486 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Park, H., Teja, K., O'Shea, J. J., Siegel, R. M. (2007). The Yersinia Effector Protein YpkA Induces Apoptosis Independently of Actin Depolymerization. J. Immunol. 178: 6426-6434 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Liu, R., Ochman, H. (2007). Stepwise formation of the bacterial flagellar system. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 104: 7116-7121 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Yang, H., Shan, Z., Kim, J., Wu, W., Lian, W., Zeng, L., Xing, L., Jin, S. (2007). Regulatory Role of PopN and Its Interacting Partners in Type III Secretion of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. J. Bacteriol. 189: 2599-2609 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Ando, H., Abe, H., Sugimoto, N., Tobe, T. (2007). Maturation of functional type III secretion machinery by activation of anaerobic respiration in enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli. Microbiology 153: 464-473 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Nair, G. B., Ramamurthy, T., Bhattacharya, S. K., Dutta, B., Takeda, Y., Sack, D. A. (2007). Global Dissemination of Vibrio parahaemolyticus Serotype O3:K6 and Its Serovariants. Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 20: 39-48 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Hefty, P. S., Stephens, R. S. (2007). Chlamydial Type III Secretion System Is Encoded on Ten Operons Preceded by Sigma 70-Like Promoter Elements. J. Bacteriol. 189: 198-206 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Linares, J. F., Gustafsson, I., Baquero, F., Martinez, J. L. (2006). Antibiotics as intermicrobial signaling agents instead of weapons. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 103: 19484-19489 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Jia, J., Wang, Y., Zhou, L., Jin, S. (2006). Expression of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Toxin ExoS Effectively Induces Apoptosis in Host Cells. Infect. Immun. 74: 6557-6570 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Guttman, D. S., Gropp, S. J., Morgan, R. L., Wang, P. W. (2006). Diversifying Selection Drives the Evolution of the Type III Secretion System Pilus of Pseudomonas syringae. Mol Biol Evol 23: 2342-2354 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Worley, M. J., Nieman, G. S., Geddes, K., Heffron, F. (2006). Salmonella typhimurium disseminates within its host by manipulating the motility of infected cells. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 103: 17915-17920 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Soto, M. J., Sanjuan, J., Olivares, J. (2006). Rhizobia and plant-pathogenic bacteria: common infection weapons.. Microbiology 152: 3167-3174 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Shafikhani, S. H., Engel, J. (2006). Pseudomonas aeruginosa type III-secreted toxin ExoT inhibits host-cell division by targeting cytokinesis at multiple steps. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 103: 15605-15610 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Thompson, A., Rolfe, M. D., Lucchini, S., Schwerk, P., Hinton, J. C. D., Tedin, K. (2006). The Bacterial Signal Molecule, ppGpp, Mediates the Environmental Regulation of Both the Invasion and Intracellular Virulence Gene Programs of Salmonella. J. Biol. Chem. 281: 30112-30121 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • O'Grady, E. P., Mulcahy, H., O'Callaghan, J., Adams, C., O'Gara, F. (2006). Pseudomonas aeruginosa Infection of Airway Epithelial Cells Modulates Expression of Kruppel-Like Factors 2 and 6 via RsmA-Mediated Regulation of Type III Exoenzymes S and Y.. Infect. Immun. 74: 5893-5902 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Zurawski, D. V., Mitsuhata, C., Mumy, K. L., McCormick, B. A., Maurelli, A. T. (2006). OspF and OspC1 Are Shigella flexneri Type III Secretion System Effectors That Are Required for Postinvasion Aspects of Virulence.. Infect. Immun. 74: 5964-5976 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Muschiol, S., Bailey, L., Gylfe, A., Sundin, C., Hultenby, K., Bergstrom, S., Elofsson, M., Wolf-Watz, H., Normark, S., Henriques-Normark, B. (2006). A small-molecule inhibitor of type III secretion inhibits different stages of the infectious cycle of Chlamydia trachomatis. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 103: 14566-14571 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Fu, Z. Q., Guo, M., Alfano, J. R. (2006). Pseudomonas syringae HrpJ Is a Type III Secreted Protein That Is Required for Plant Pathogenesis, Injection of Effectors, and Secretion of the HrpZ1 Harpin.. J. Bacteriol. 188: 6060-6069 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Sheng, H., Lim, J. Y., Knecht, H. J., Li, J., Hovde, C. J. (2006). Role of Escherichia coli O157:H7 Virulence Factors in Colonization at the Bovine Terminal Rectal Mucosa.. Infect. Immun. 74: 4685-4693 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Raupach, B., Peuschel, S.-K., Monack, D. M., Zychlinsky, A. (2006). Caspase-1-Mediated Activation of Interleukin-1{beta} (IL-1{beta}) and IL-18 Contributes to Innate Immune Defenses against Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium Infection.. Infect. Immun. 74: 4922-4926 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Brown, N. F., Szeto, J., Jiang, X., Coombes, B. K., Finlay, B. B., Brumell, J. H. (2006). Mutational analysis of Salmonella translocated effector members SifA and SopD2 reveals domains implicated in translocation, subcellular localization and function.. Microbiology 152: 2323-2343 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Adkins, J. N., Mottaz, H. M., Norbeck, A. D., Gustin, J. K., Rue, J., Clauss, T. R. W., Purvine, S. O., Rodland, K. D., Heffron, F., Smith, R. D. (2006). Analysis of the Salmonella typhimurium Proteome through Environmental Response toward Infectious Conditions. Mol. Cell. Proteomics 5: 1450-1461 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Cuzick, A., Stirling, F. R., Lindsay, S. L., Evans, T. J. (2006). The Type III Pseudomonal Exotoxin U Activates the c-Jun NH2-Terminal Kinase Pathway and Increases Human Epithelial Interleukin-8 Production. Infect. Immun. 74: 4104-4113 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Ribot, W. J., Ulrich, R. L. (2006). The Animal Pathogen-Like Type III Secretion System Is Required for the Intracellular Survival of Burkholderia mallei within J774.2 Macrophages. Infect. Immun. 74: 4349-4353 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Aldridge, P., Gnerer, J., Karlinsey, J. E., Hughes, K. T. (2006). Transcriptional and Translational Control of the Salmonella fliC Gene.. J. Bacteriol. 188: 4487-4496 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Dacanay, A., Knickle, L., Solanky, K. S., Boyd, J. M., Walter, J. A., Brown, L. L., Johnson, S. C., Reith, M. (2006). Contribution of the type III secretion system (TTSS) to virulence of Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida. Microbiology 152: 1847-1856 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Ebanks, R. O., Knickle, L. C., Goguen, M., Boyd, J. M., Pinto, D. M., Reith, M., Ross, N. W. (2006). Expression of and secretion through the Aeromonas salmonicida type III secretion system.. Microbiology 152: 1275-1286 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Heusipp, G., Spekker, K., Brast, S., Falker, S., Schmidt, M. A. (2006). YopM of Yersinia enterocolitica specifically interacts with {alpha}1-antitrypsin without affecting the anti-protease activity.. Microbiology 152: 1327-1335 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Birmingham, C. L., Smith, A. C., Bakowski, M. A., Yoshimori, T., Brumell, J. H. (2006). Autophagy Controls Salmonella Infection in Response to Damage to the Salmonella-containing Vacuole. J. Biol. Chem. 281: 11374-11383 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Kimoto, H., Fujii, Y., Hirano, S., Yokota, Y., Taketo, A. (2006). Genetic and Biochemical Properties of Streptococcal NAD-glycohydrolase Inhibitor. J. Biol. Chem. 281: 9181-9189 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Aspedon, A., Palmer, K., Whiteley, M. (2006). Microarray Analysis of the Osmotic Stress Response in Pseudomonas aeruginosa.. J. Bacteriol. 188: 2721-2725 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Ogino, T., Ohno, R., Sekiya, K., Kuwae, A., Matsuzawa, T., Nonaka, T., Fukuda, H., Imajoh-Ohmi, S., Abe, A. (2006). Assembly of the Type III Secretion Apparatus of Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli.. J. Bacteriol. 188: 2801-2811 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Sharma, R., Tesfay, S., Tomson, F. L., Kanteti, R. P., Viswanathan, V. K., Hecht, G. (2006). Balance of bacterial pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators dictates net effect of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli on intestinal epithelial cells. Am. J. Physiol. Gastrointest. Liver Physiol. 290: G685-G694 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Kuwae, A., Matsuzawa, T., Ishikawa, N., Abe, H., Nonaka, T., Fukuda, H., Imajoh-Ohmi, S., Abe, A. (2006). BopC Is a Novel Type III Effector Secreted by Bordetella bronchiseptica and Has a Critical Role in Type III-dependent Necrotic Cell Death. J. Biol. Chem. 281: 6589-6600 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Ono, T., Park, K.-S., Ueta, M., Iida, T., Honda, T. (2006). Identification of Proteins Secreted via Vibrio parahaemolyticus Type III Secretion System 1. Infect. Immun. 74: 1032-1042 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Janjusevic, R., Abramovitch, R. B., Martin, G. B., Stebbins, C. E. (2006). A Bacterial Inhibitor of Host Programmed Cell Death Defenses Is an E3 Ubiquitin Ligase. Science 311: 222-226 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Morita-Ishihara, T., Ogawa, M., Sagara, H., Yoshida, M., Katayama, E., Sasakawa, C. (2006). Shigella Spa33 Is an Essential C-ring Component of Type III Secretion Machinery. J. Biol. Chem. 281: 599-607 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Kenjale, R., Wilson, J., Zenk, S. F., Saurya, S., Picking, W. L., Picking, W. D., Blocker, A. (2005). The Needle Component of the Type III Secreton of Shigella Regulates the Activity of the Secretion Apparatus. J. Biol. Chem. 280: 42929-42937 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Ideses, D., Gophna, U., Paitan, Y., Chaudhuri, R. R., Pallen, M. J., Ron, E. Z. (2005). A Degenerate Type III Secretion System from Septicemic Escherichia coli Contributes to Pathogenesis. J. Bacteriol. 187: 8164-8171 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Moran, N. A., Degnan, P. H., Santos, S. R., Dunbar, H. E., Ochman, H. (2005). Inaugural Article: The players in a mutualistic symbiosis: Insects, bacteria, viruses, and virulence genes. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 102: 16919-16926 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Broms, J. E., Edqvist, P. J., Carlsson, K. E., Forsberg, A., Francis, M. S. (2005). Mapping of a YscY Binding Domain within the LcrH Chaperone That Is Required for Regulation of Yersinia Type III Secretion. J. Bacteriol. 187: 7738-7752 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Coombes, B. K., Coburn, B. A., Potter, A. A., Gomis, S., Mirakhur, K., Li, Y., Finlay, B. B. (2005). Analysis of the Contribution of Salmonella Pathogenicity Islands 1 and 2 to Enteric Disease Progression Using a Novel Bovine Ileal Loop Model and a Murine Model of Infectious Enterocolitis. Infect. Immun. 73: 7161-7169 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Garmendia, J., Ren, Z., Tennant, S., Midolli Viera, M. A., Chong, Y., Whale, A., Azzopardi, K., Dahan, S., Sircili, M. P., Franzolin, M. R., Trabulsi, L. R., Phillips, A., Gomes, T. A. T., Xu, J., Robins-Browne, R., Frankel, G. (2005). Distribution of tccP in Clinical Enterohemorrhagic and Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli Isolates. J. Clin. Microbiol. 43: 5715-5720 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Kim, J., Ahn, K., Min, S., Jia, J., Ha, U., Wu, D., Jin, S. (2005). Factors triggering type III secretion in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Microbiology 151: 3575-3587 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Quinaud, M., Chabert, J., Faudry, E., Neumann, E., Lemaire, D., Pastor, A., Elsen, S., Dessen, A., Attree, I. (2005). The PscE-PscF-PscG Complex Controls Type III Secretion Needle Biogenesis in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. J. Biol. Chem. 280: 36293-36300 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Troisfontaines, P., Cornelis, G. R. (2005). Type III Secretion: More Systems Than You Think. Physiology 20: 326-339 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Gauthier, A., Robertson, M. L., Lowden, M., Ibarra, J. A., Puente, J. L., Finlay, B. B. (2005). Transcriptional Inhibitor of Virulence Factors in Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 49: 4101-4109 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Ohlson, M. B., Fluhr, K., Birmingham, C. L., Brumell, J. H., Miller, S. I. (2005). SseJ Deacylase Activity by Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium Promotes Virulence in Mice. Infect. Immun. 73: 6249-6259 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Geddes, K., Worley, M., Niemann, G., Heffron, F. (2005). Identification of New Secreted Effectors in Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium. Infect. Immun. 73: 6260-6271 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Sha, J., Pillai, L., Fadl, A. A., Galindo, C. L., Erova, T. E., Chopra, A. K. (2005). The Type III Secretion System and Cytotoxic Enterotoxin Alter the Virulence of Aeromonas hydrophila. Infect. Immun. 73: 6446-6457 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Kim, D. W., Lenzen, G., Page, A.-L., Legrain, P., Sansonetti, P. J., Parsot, C. (2005). The Shigella flexneri effector OspG interferes with innate immune responses by targeting ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 102: 14046-14051 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Fields, K. A., Fischer, E. R., Mead, D. J., Hackstadt, T. (2005). Analysis of Putative Chlamydia trachomatis Chaperones Scc2 and Scc3 and Their Use in the Identification of Type III Secretion Substrates. J. Bacteriol. 187: 6466-6478 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Suparak, S., Kespichayawattana, W., Haque, A., Easton, A., Damnin, S., Lertmemongkolchai, G., Bancroft, G. J., Korbsrisate, S. (2005). Multinucleated Giant Cell Formation and Apoptosis in Infected Host Cells Is Mediated by Burkholderia pseudomallei Type III Secretion Protein BipB. J. Bacteriol. 187: 6556-6560 [Full Text]  
  • Locher, M., Lehnert, B., Krauss, K., Heesemann, J., Groll, M., Wilharm, G. (2005). Crystal Structure of the Yersinia enterocolitica Type III Secretion Chaperone SycT. J. Biol. Chem. 280: 31149-31155 [Abstract] [Full Text]  


Copyright © 2009 by the American Society for Microbiology.   For an alternate route to Journals.ASM.org, visit: http://intl-journals.asm.org | More Info»