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Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews, March 1999, p. 161-173, Vol. 63, No. 1
1092-2172/99/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1999, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Protein Targeting to the Bacterial Cytoplasmic Membrane

Peter Fekkesdagger and Arnold J. M. Driessen*

Department of Microbiology and Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, 9751 NN Haren, The Netherlands

Proteins that perform their activity within the cytoplasmic membrane or outside this cell boundary must be targeted to the translocation site prior to their insertion and/or translocation. In bacteria, several targeting routes are known; the SecB- and the signal recognition particle-dependent pathways are the best characterized. Recently, evidence for the existence of a third major route, the twin-Arg pathway, was gathered. Proteins that use either one of these three different pathways possess special features that enable their specific interaction with the components of the targeting routes. Such targeting information is often contained in an N-terminal extension, the signal sequence, but can also be found within the mature domain of the targeted protein. Once the nascent chain starts to emerge from the ribosome, competition for the protein between different targeting factors begins. After recognition and binding, the targeting factor delivers the protein to the translocation sites at the cytoplasmic membrane. Only by means of a specific interaction between the targeting component and its receptor is the cargo released for further processing and translocation. This mechanism ensures the high-fidelity targeting of premembrane and membrane proteins to the translocation site.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Microbiology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Kerklaan 30, 9751 NN Haren, The Netherlands. Phone: 31-50-3632164. Fax: 31-50-3632154. E-mail: A.J.M.Driessen{at}biol.rug.nl.

dagger Present address: Department of Biology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0347.

Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews, March 1999, p. 161-173, Vol. 63, No. 1
1092-2172/99/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1999, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


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