This Article
Right arrow Full Text
Right arrow Full Text (PDF)
Right arrow Alert me when this article is cited
Right arrow Alert me if a correction is posted
Right arrow Citation Map
Services
Right arrow E-mail this article to a friend
Right arrow Similar articles in this journal
Right arrow Similar articles in PubMed
Right arrow Alert me to new issues of the journal
Right arrow Download to citation manager
Right arrowReprints and Permissions
Right arrow Copyright Information
Right arrow Books from ASM Press
Right arrow MicrobeWorld
Citing Articles
Right arrow Citing Articles via HighWire
Right arrow Citing Articles via Google Scholar
Google Scholar
Right arrow Articles by Navarre, W. W.
Right arrow Articles by Schneewind, O.
Right arrow Search for Related Content
PubMed
Right arrow PubMed Citation
Right arrow Articles by Navarre, W. W.
Right arrow Articles by Schneewind, O.

 Previous Article  |  Next Article 

Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews, March 1999, p. 174-229, Vol. 63, No. 1
1092-2172/99/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1999, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Surface Proteins of Gram-Positive Bacteria and Mechanisms of Their Targeting to the Cell Wall Envelope

William Wiley Navarre and Olaf Schneewind*

Department of Microbiology & Immunology, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California 90095

The cell wall envelope of gram-positive bacteria is a macromolecular, exoskeletal organelle that is assembled and turned over at designated sites. The cell wall also functions as a surface organelle that allows gram-positive pathogens to interact with their environment, in particular the tissues of the infected host. All of these functions require that surface proteins and enzymes be properly targeted to the cell wall envelope. Two basic mechanisms, cell wall sorting and targeting, have been identified. Cell well sorting is the covalent attachment of surface proteins to the peptidoglycan via a C-terminal sorting signal that contains a consensus LPXTG sequence. More than 100 proteins that possess cell wall-sorting signals, including the M proteins of Streptococcus pyogenes, protein A of Staphylococcus aureus, and several internalins of Listeria monocytogenes, have been identified. Cell wall targeting involves the noncovalent attachment of proteins to the cell surface via specialized binding domains. Several of these wall-binding domains appear to interact with secondary wall polymers that are associated with the peptidoglycan, for example teichoic acids and polysaccharides. Proteins that are targeted to the cell surface include muralytic enzymes such as autolysins, lysostaphin, and phage lytic enzymes. Other examples for targeted proteins are the surface S-layer proteins of bacilli and clostridia, as well as virulence factors required for the pathogenesis of L. monocytogenes (internalin B) and Streptococcus pneumoniae (PspA) infections. In this review we describe the mechanisms for both sorting and targeting of proteins to the envelope of gram-positive bacteria and review the functions of known surface proteins.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, UCLA School of Medicine, 10833 Le Conte Ave., Los Angeles, CA 90095. Phone: (310) 206-0997. Fax: (310) 267-0173. E-mail: olafs{at}ucla.edu.

Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews, March 1999, p. 174-229, Vol. 63, No. 1
1092-2172/99/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1999, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


This article has been cited by other articles:

  • Alvarez-Martinez, C. E., Christie, P. J. (2009). Biological Diversity of Prokaryotic Type IV Secretion Systems. Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev. 73: 775-808 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Fabian, M., Solomaha, E., Olson, J. S., Maresso, A. W. (2009). Heme Transfer to the Bacterial Cell Envelope Occurs via a Secreted Hemophore in the Gram-positive Pathogen Bacillus anthracis. J. Biol. Chem. 284: 32138-32146 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Carrero, J. A., Calderon, B., Vivanco-Cid, H., Unanue, E. R. (2009). Recombinant Listeria monocytogenes Expressing a Cell Wall-Associated Listeriolysin O Is Weakly Virulent but Immunogenic. Infect. Immun. 77: 4371-4382 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Guttilla, I. K., Gaspar, A. H., Swierczynski, A., Swaminathan, A., Dwivedi, P., Das, A., Ton-That, H. (2009). Acyl Enzyme Intermediates in Sortase-Catalyzed Pilus Morphogenesis in Gram-Positive Bacteria. J. Bacteriol. 191: 5603-5612 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Suree, N., Liew, C. K., Villareal, V. A., Thieu, W., Fadeev, E. A., Clemens, J. J., Jung, M. E., Clubb, R. T. (2009). The Structure of the Staphylococcus aureus Sortase-Substrate Complex Reveals How the Universally Conserved LPXTG Sorting Signal Is Recognized. J. Biol. Chem. 284: 24465-24477 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Meehan, M., Lewis, M. J., Byrne, C., O'Hare, D., Woof, J. M., Owen, P. (2009). Localization of the equine IgG-binding domain in the fibrinogen-binding protein (FgBP) of Streptococcus equi subsp. equi. Microbiology 155: 2583-2592 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Shang, F., Xue, T., Sun, H., Xing, L., Zhang, S., Yang, Z., Zhang, L., Sun, B. (2009). The Staphylococcus aureus GGDEF Domain-Containing Protein, GdpS, Influences Protein A Gene Expression in a Cyclic Diguanylic Acid-Independent Manner. Infect. Immun. 77: 2849-2856 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Sillanpaa, J., Nallapareddy, S. R., Houston, J., Ganesh, V. K., Bourgogne, A., Singh, K. V., Murray, B. E., Hook, M. (2009). A family of fibrinogen-binding MSCRAMMs from Enterococcus faecalis. Microbiology 155: 2390-2400 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Race, P. R., Bentley, M. L., Melvin, J. A., Crow, A., Hughes, R. K., Smith, W. D., Sessions, R. B., Kehoe, M. A., McCafferty, D. G., Banfield, M. J. (2009). Crystal Structure of Streptococcus pyogenes Sortase A: IMPLICATIONS FOR SORTASE MECHANISM. J. Biol. Chem. 284: 6924-6933 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Chattopadhyay, G., Chen, Q., Colino, J., Lees, A., Snapper, C. M. (2009). Intact Bacteria Inhibit the Induction of Humoral Immune Responses to Bacterial-Derived and Heterologous Soluble T Cell-Dependent Antigens. J. Immunol. 182: 2011-2019 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Gargis, S. R., Heath, H. E., Heath, L. S., LeBlanc, P. A., Simmonds, R. S., Abbott, B. D., Timkovich, R., Sloan, G. L. (2009). Use of 4-Sulfophenyl Isothiocyanate Labeling and Mass Spectrometry To Determine the Site of Action of the Streptococcolytic Peptidoglycan Hydrolase Zoocin A. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 75: 72-77 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Lebeer, S., Vanderleyden, J., De Keersmaecker, S. C. J. (2008). Genes and Molecules of Lactobacilli Supporting Probiotic Action. Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev. 72: 728-764 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Hendrickx, A. P. A., Bonten, M. J. M., van Luit-Asbroek, M., Schapendonk, C. M. E., Kragten, A. H. M., Willems, R. J. L. (2008). Expression of two distinct types of pili by a hospital-acquired Enterococcus faecium isolate. Microbiology 154: 3212-3223 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Pereira, M. P., D'Elia, M. A., Troczynska, J., Brown, E. D. (2008). Duplication of Teichoic Acid Biosynthetic Genes in Staphylococcus aureus Leads to Functionally Redundant Poly(Ribitol Phosphate) Polymerases. J. Bacteriol. 190: 5642-5649 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Liu, X., Lagenaur, L. A., Lee, P. P., Xu, Q. (2008). Engineering of a Human Vaginal Lactobacillus Strain for Surface Expression of Two-Domain CD4 Molecules. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 74: 4626-4635 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Norton, J. M., Klotz, M. G., Stein, L. Y., Arp, D. J., Bottomley, P. J., Chain, P. S. G., Hauser, L. J., Land, M. L., Larimer, F. W., Shin, M. W., Starkenburg, S. R. (2008). Complete Genome Sequence of Nitrosospira multiformis, an Ammonia-Oxidizing Bacterium from the Soil Environment. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 74: 3559-3572 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Tomita, H., Kamei, E., Ike, Y. (2008). Cloning and Genetic Analyses of the Bacteriocin 41 Determinant Encoded on the Enterococcus faecalis Pheromone-Responsive Conjugative Plasmid pYI14: a Novel Bacteriocin Complemented by Two Extracellular Components (Lysin and Activator). J. Bacteriol. 190: 2075-2085 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Rice, K. C., Bayles, K. W. (2008). Molecular Control of Bacterial Death and Lysis. Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev. 72: 85-109 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Kurokawa, K., Nishida, S., Ishibashi, M., Mizumura, H., Ueno, K., Yutsudo, T., Maki, H., Murakami, K., Sekimizu, K. (2008). Staphylococcus aureus MurC Participates in L-Alanine Recognition via Histidine 343, a Conserved Motif in the Shallow Hydrophobic Pocket. J Biochem 143: 417-424 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Goto, T., Yamashita, A., Hirakawa, H., Matsutani, M., Todo, K., Ohshima, K., Toh, H., Miyamoto, K., Kuhara, S., Hattori, M., Shimizu, T., Akimoto, S. (2008). Complete Genome Sequence of Finegoldia magna, an Anaerobic Opportunistic Pathogen. DNA Res 0: dsm030v1-9 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Linge, H. M., Sastalla, I., Nitsche-Schmitz, D. P., Egesten, A., Frick, I.-M. (2007). Protein FOG is a moderate inducer of MIG/CXCL9, and group G streptococci are more tolerant than group A streptococci to this chemokine's antibacterial effect. Microbiology 153: 3800-3808 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Samen, U., Eikmanns, B. J., Reinscheid, D. J., Borges, F. (2007). The Surface Protein Srr-1 of Streptococcus agalactiae Binds Human Keratin 4 and Promotes Adherence to Epithelial HEp-2 Cells. Infect. Immun. 75: 5405-5414 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Schiffler, B., Barth, E., Daffe, M., Benz, R. (2007). Corynebacterium diphtheriae: Identification and Characterization of a Channel-Forming Protein in the Cell Wall. J. Bacteriol. 189: 7709-7719 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Chen, Q., Sun, B., Wu, H., Peng, Z., Fives-Taylor, P. M. (2007). Differential Roles of Individual Domains in Selection of Secretion Route of a Streptococcus parasanguinis Serine-Rich Adhesin, Fap1. J. Bacteriol. 189: 7610-7617 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Marraffini, L. A., Schneewind, O. (2007). Sortase C-Mediated Anchoring of BasI to the Cell Wall Envelope of Bacillus anthracis. J. Bacteriol. 189: 6425-6436 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Maresso, A. W., Wu, R., Kern, J. W., Zhang, R., Janik, D., Missiakas, D. M., Duban, M.-E., Joachimiak, A., Schneewind, O. (2007). Activation of Inhibitors by Sortase Triggers Irreversible Modification of the Active Site. J. Biol. Chem. 282: 23129-23139 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Corrigan, R. M., Rigby, D., Handley, P., Foster, T. J. (2007). The role of Staphylococcus aureus surface protein SasG in adherence and biofilm formation. Microbiology 153: 2435-2446 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Ikeda, R., Saito, F., Matsuo, M., Kurokawa, K., Sekimizu, K., Yamaguchi, M., Kawamoto, S. (2007). Contribution of the Mannan Backbone of Cryptococcal Glucuronoxylomannan and a Glycolytic Enzyme of Staphylococcus aureus to Contact-Mediated Killing of Cryptococcus neoformans. J. Bacteriol. 189: 4815-4826 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • DeDent, A. C., McAdow, M., Schneewind, O. (2007). Distribution of Protein A on the Surface of Staphylococcus aureus. J. Bacteriol. 189: 4473-4484 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Bierne, H., Cossart, P. (2007). Listeria monocytogenes Surface Proteins: from Genome Predictions to Function. Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev. 71: 377-397 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Oluola, O., Kong, L., Fein, M., Weisman, L. E. (2007). Lysostaphin in Treatment of Neonatal Staphylococcus aureus Infection. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 51: 2198-2200 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Mishra, A., Das, A., Cisar, J. O., Ton-That, H. (2007). Sortase-Catalyzed Assembly of Distinct Heteromeric Fimbriae in Actinomyces naeslundii. J. Bacteriol. 189: 3156-3165 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Zheng, L., Yu, C., Bayles, K., Lasa, I., Ji, Y. (2007). Conditional Mutation of an Essential Putative Glycoprotease Eliminates Autolysis in Staphylococcus aureus. J. Bacteriol. 189: 2734-2742 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Severin, A., Nickbarg, E., Wooters, J., Quazi, S. A., Matsuka, Y. V., Murphy, E., Moutsatsos, I. K., Zagursky, R. J., Olmsted, S. B. (2007). Proteomic Analysis and Identification of Streptococcus pyogenes Surface-Associated Proteins. J. Bacteriol. 189: 1514-1522 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Brinster, S., Furlan, S., Serror, P. (2007). C-Terminal WxL Domain Mediates Cell Wall Binding in Enterococcus faecalis and Other Gram-Positive Bacteria. J. Bacteriol. 189: 1244-1253 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Burne, R. A., Bessen, D. E., Broadbent, J. R., Claverys, J.-P. (2007). The Seventh International Conference on the Genetics of Streptococci, Lactococci, and Enterococci. J. Bacteriol. 189: 1209-1218 [Full Text]  
  • Baumgartner, M., Karst, U., Gerstel, B., Loessner, M., Wehland, J., Jansch, L. (2007). Inactivation of Lgt Allows Systematic Characterization of Lipoproteins from Listeria monocytogenes. J. Bacteriol. 189: 313-324 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Goh, Y. J., Zhang, C., Benson, A. K., Schlegel, V., Lee, J.-H., Hutkins, R. W. (2006). Identification of a Putative Operon Involved in Fructooligosaccharide Utilization by Lactobacillus paracasei. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 72: 7518-7530 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Boekhorst, J., Wels, M., Kleerebezem, M., Siezen, R. J. (2006). The predicted secretome of Lactobacillus plantarum WCFS1 sheds light on interactions with its environment.. Microbiology 152: 3175-3183 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Ramsay, A. G., Scott, K. P., Martin, J. C., Rincon, M. T., Flint, H. J. (2006). Cell-associated {alpha}-amylases of butyrate-producing Firmicute bacteria from the human colon.. Microbiology 152: 3281-3290 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Santos-Sierra, S., Golenbock, D. T., Henneke, P. (2006). Toll-like receptor-dependent discrimination of streptococci. Innate Immunity 12: 307-312 [Abstract]  
  • Buist, G., Ridder, A. N. J. A., Kok, J., Kuipers, O. P. (2006). Different subcellular locations of secretome components of Gram-positive bacteria.. Microbiology 152: 2867-2874 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Buckley, J. M., Wang, J. H., Redmond, H. P. (2006). Cellular reprogramming by gram-positive bacterial components: a review. J. Leukoc. Biol. 80: 731-741 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Scolari, G., Vescovo, M., Zacconi, C., Vescovi, F. (2006). Extraction and Partial Characterization of Proteolytic Activities from the Cell Surface of Lactobacillus helveticus Zuc2.. J DAIRY SCI 89: 3800-3809 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Grundling, A., Missiakas, D. M., Schneewind, O. (2006). Staphylococcus aureus Mutants with Increased Lysostaphin Resistance.. J. Bacteriol. 188: 6286-6297 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Swierczynski, A., Ton-That, H. (2006). Type III Pilus of Corynebacteria: Pilus Length Is Determined by the Level of Its Major Pilin Subunit.. J. Bacteriol. 188: 6318-6325 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Gat, O., Grosfeld, H., Ariel, N., Inbar, I., Zaide, G., Broder, Y., Zvi, A., Chitlaru, T., Altboum, Z., Stein, D., Cohen, S., Shafferman, A. (2006). Search for Bacillus anthracis Potential Vaccine Candidates by a Functional Genomic-Serologic Screen. Infect. Immun. 74: 3987-4001 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Heng, N. C. K., Ragland, N. L., Swe, P. M., Baird, H. J., Inglis, M. A., Tagg, J. R., Jack, R. W. (2006). Dysgalacticin: a novel, plasmid-encoded antimicrobial protein (bacteriocin) produced by Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis. Microbiology 152: 1991-2001 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Takenouchi-Ohkubo, N., Mortensen, L. M., Drasbek, K. R., Kilian, M., Poulsen, K. (2006). Horizontal transfer of the immunoglobulin A1 protease gene (iga) from Streptococcus to Gemella haemolysans. Microbiology 152: 2171-2180 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • van Pijkeren, J.-P., Canchaya, C., Ryan, K. A., Li, Y., Claesson, M. J., Sheil, B., Steidler, L., O'Mahony, L., Fitzgerald, G. F., van Sinderen, D., O'Toole, P. W. (2006). Comparative and Functional Analysis of Sortase-Dependent Proteins in the Predicted Secretome of Lactobacillus salivarius UCC118.. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 72: 4143-4153 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Henneke, P., Berner, R. (2006). Interaction of Neonatal Phagocytes with Group B Streptococcus: Recognition and Response. Infect. Immun. 74: 3085-3095 [Full Text]  
  • Mattos-Graner, R. O., Porter, K. A., Smith, D. J., Hosogi, Y., Duncan, M. J. (2006). Functional Analysis of Glucan Binding Protein B from Streptococcus mutans. J. Bacteriol. 188: 3813-3825 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • D'Elia, M. A., Pereira, M. P., Chung, Y. S., Zhao, W., Chau, A., Kenney, T. J., Sulavik, M. C., Black, T. A., Brown, E. D. (2006). Lesions in Teichoic Acid Biosynthesis in Staphylococcus aureus Lead to a Lethal Gain of Function in the Otherwise Dispensable Pathway.. J. Bacteriol. 188: 4183-4189 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Paddick, J. S., Brailsford, S. R., Rao, S., Soares, R. F., Kidd, E. A. M., Beighton, D., Homer, K. A. (2006). Effect of Biofilm Growth on Expression of Surface Proteins of Actinomyces naeslundii Genospecies 2.. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 72: 3774-3779 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Grundling, A., Schneewind, O. (2006). Cross-Linked Peptidoglycan Mediates Lysostaphin Binding to the Cell Wall Envelope of Staphylococcus aureus.. J. Bacteriol. 188: 2463-2472 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Traub, S., von Aulock, S., Hartung, T., Hermann, C. (2006). Invited review: MDP and other muropeptides direct and synergistic effects on the immune system. Innate Immunity 12: 69-85 [Abstract]  
  • van Hijum, S. A. F. T., Kralj, S., Ozimek, L. K., Dijkhuizen, L., van Geel-Schutten, I. G. H. (2006). Structure-Function Relationships of Glucansucrase and Fructansucrase Enzymes from Lactic Acid Bacteria. Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev. 70: 157-176 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Marraffini, L. A., DeDent, A. C., Schneewind, O. (2006). Sortases and the Art of Anchoring Proteins to the Envelopes of Gram-Positive Bacteria. Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev. 70: 192-221 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Gaspar, A. H., Ton-That, H. (2006). Assembly of Distinct Pilus Structures on the Surface of Corynebacterium diphtheriae. J. Bacteriol. 188: 1526-1533 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Jenkins, H. T., Mark, L., Ball, G., Persson, J., Lindahl, G., Uhrin, D., Blom, A. M., Barlow, P. N. (2006). Human C4b-binding Protein, Structural Basis for Interaction with Streptococcal M Protein, a Major Bacterial Virulence Factor. J. Biol. Chem. 281: 3690-3697 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Matias, V. R. F., Beveridge, T. J. (2006). Native Cell Wall Organization Shown by Cryo-Electron Microscopy Confirms the Existence of a Periplasmic Space in Staphylococcus aureus. J. Bacteriol. 188: 1011-1021 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Nishida, S., Kurokawa, K., Matsuo, M., Sakamoto, K., Ueno, K., Kita, K., Sekimizu, K. (2006). Identification and Characterization of Amino Acid Residues Essential for the Active Site of UDP-N-acetylenolpyruvylglucosamine Reductase (MurB) from Staphylococcus aureus. J. Biol. Chem. 281: 1714-1724 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Waldemarsson, J., Areschoug, T., Lindahl, G., Johnsson, E. (2006). The Streptococcal Blr and Slr Proteins Define a Family of Surface Proteins with Leucine-Rich Repeats: Camouflaging by Other Surface Structures. J. Bacteriol. 188: 378-388 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Lee, S. G., Fischetti, V. A. (2006). Purification and Characterization of LPXTGase from Staphylococcus aureus: the Amino Acid Composition Mirrors That Found in the Peptidoglycan. J. Bacteriol. 188: 389-398 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Fricke, W. F., Seedorf, H., Henne, A., Kruer, M., Liesegang, H., Hedderich, R., Gottschalk, G., Thauer, R. K. (2006). The Genome Sequence of Methanosphaera stadtmanae Reveals Why This Human Intestinal Archaeon Is Restricted to Methanol and H2 for Methane Formation and ATP Synthesis. J. Bacteriol. 188: 642-658 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Bosma, T., Kanninga, R., Neef, J., Audouy, S. A. L., van Roosmalen, M. L., Steen, A., Buist, G., Kok, J., Kuipers, O. P., Robillard, G., Leenhouts, K. (2006). Novel Surface Display System for Proteins on Non-Genetically Modified Gram-Positive Bacteria. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 72: 880-889 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Boekhorst, J., Helmer, Q., Kleerebezem, M., Siezen, R. J. (2006). Comparative analysis of proteins with a mucus-binding domain found exclusively in lactic acid bacteria. Microbiology 152: 273-280 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Rincon, M. T., Cepeljnik, T., Martin, J. C., Lamed, R., Barak, Y., Bayer, E. A., Flint, H. J. (2005). Unconventional Mode of Attachment of the Ruminococcus flavefaciens Cellulosome to the Cell Surface. J. Bacteriol. 187: 7569-7578 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Gatti, M., Rossetti, L., Fornasari, M. E., Lazzi, C., Giraffa, G., Neviani, E. (2005). Heterogeneity of Putative Surface Layer Proteins in Lactobacillus helveticus. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 71: 7582-7588 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Lannergard, J., Flock, M., Johansson, S., Flock, J.-I., Guss, B. (2005). Studies of Fibronectin-Binding Proteins of Streptococcus equi. Infect. Immun. 73: 7243-7251 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Boel, G., Jin, H., Pancholi, V. (2005). Inhibition of Cell Surface Export of Group A Streptococcal Anchorless Surface Dehydrogenase Affects Bacterial Adherence and Antiphagocytic Properties. Infect. Immun. 73: 6237-6248 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Pretzer, G., Snel, J., Molenaar, D., Wiersma, A., Bron, P. A., Lambert, J., de Vos, W. M., van der Meer, R., Smits, M. A., Kleerebezem, M. (2005). Biodiversity-Based Identification and Functional Characterization of the Mannose-Specific Adhesin of Lactobacillus plantarum. J. Bacteriol. 187: 6128-6136 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Tendolkar, P. M., Baghdayan, A. S., Shankar, N. (2005). The N-Terminal Domain of Enterococcal Surface Protein, Esp, Is Sufficient for Esp-Mediated Biofilm Enhancement in Enterococcus faecalis. J. Bacteriol. 187: 6213-6222 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Zink, S. D., Burns, D. L. (2005). Importance of srtA and srtB for Growth of Bacillus anthracis in Macrophages. Infect. Immun. 73: 5222-5228 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Boekhorst, J., de Been, M. W. H. J., Kleerebezem, M., Siezen, R. J. (2005). Genome-Wide Detection and Analysis of Cell Wall-Bound Proteins with LPxTG-Like Sorting Motifs. J. Bacteriol. 187: 4928-4934 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Tauch, A., Kaiser, O., Hain, T., Goesmann, A., Weisshaar, B., Albersmeier, A., Bekel, T., Bischoff, N., Brune, I., Chakraborty, T., Kalinowski, J., Meyer, F., Rupp, O., Schneiker, S., Viehoever, P., Puhler, A. (2005). Complete Genome Sequence and Analysis of the Multiresistant Nosocomial Pathogen Corynebacterium jeikeium K411, a Lipid-Requiring Bacterium of the Human Skin Flora. J. Bacteriol. 187: 4671-4682 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • D'Avenio, G., Grigioni, M., Orefici, G., Creti, R. (2005). SWIFT (sequence-wide investigation with Fourier transform): a software tool for identifying proteins of a given class from the unannotated genome sequence. Bioinformatics 21: 2943-2949 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Walker, S. L., Hill, J. E., Redman, J. A., Elimelech, M. (2005). Influence of Growth Phase on Adhesion Kinetics of Escherichia coli D21g. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 71: 3093-3099 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Lalioui, L., Pellegrini, E., Dramsi, S., Baptista, M., Bourgeois, N., Doucet-Populaire, F., Rusniok, C., Zouine, M., Glaser, P., Kunst, F., Poyart, C., Trieu-Cuot, P. (2005). The SrtA Sortase of Streptococcus agalactiae Is Required for Cell Wall Anchoring of Proteins Containing the LPXTG Motif, for Adhesion to Epithelial Cells, and for Colonization of the Mouse Intestine. Infect. Immun. 73: 3342-3350 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Levesque, C. M., Voronejskaia, E., Huang, Y.-C. C., Mair, R. W., Ellen, R. P., Cvitkovitch, D. G. (2005). Involvement of Sortase Anchoring of Cell Wall Proteins in Biofilm Formation by Streptococcus mutans. Infect. Immun. 73: 3773-3777 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Harraghy, N., Kormanec, J., Wolz, C., Homerova, D., Goerke, C., Ohlsen, K., Qazi, S., Hill, P., Herrmann, M. (2005). sae is essential for expression of the staphylococcal adhesins Eap and Emp. Microbiology 151: 1789-1800 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Marraffini, L. A., Schneewind, O. (2005). Anchor Structure of Staphylococcal Surface Proteins: V. ANCHOR STRUCTURE OF THE SORTASE B SUBSTRATE IsdC. J. Biol. Chem. 280: 16263-16271 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Stritzker, J., Schoen, C., Goebel, W. (2005). Enhanced Synthesis of Internalin A in aro Mutants of Listeria monocytogenes Indicates Posttranscriptional Control of the inlAB mRNA. J. Bacteriol. 187: 2836-2845 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Seepersaud, R., Hanniffy, S. B., Mayne, P., Sizer, P., Le Page, R., Wells, J. M. (2005). Characterization of a Novel Leucine-Rich Repeat Protein Antigen from Group B Streptococci That Elicits Protective Immunity. Infect. Immun. 73: 1671-1683 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Shaw, L. N., Golonka, E., Szmyd, G., Foster, S. J., Travis, J., Potempa, J. (2005). Cytoplasmic Control of Premature Activation of a Secreted Protease Zymogen: Deletion of Staphostatin B (SspC) in Staphylococcus aureus 8325-4 Yields a Profound Pleiotropic Phenotype. J. Bacteriol. 187: 1751-1762 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Schaffer, C., Messner, P. (2005). The structure of secondary cell wall polymers: how Gram-positive bacteria stick their cell walls together. Microbiology 151: 643-651 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Burts, M. L., Williams, W. A., DeBord, K., Missiakas, D. M. (2005). EsxA and EsxB are secreted by an ESAT-6-like system that is required for the pathogenesis of Staphylococcus aureus infections. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 102: 1169-1174 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Lindahl, G., Stalhammar-Carlemalm, M., Areschoug, T. (2005). Surface Proteins of Streptococcus agalactiae and Related Proteins in Other Bacterial Pathogens. Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 18: 102-127 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Deka, R. K., Neil, L., Hagman, K. E., Machius, M., Tomchick, D. R., Brautigam, C. A., Norgard, M. V. (2004). Structural Evidence That the 32-Kilodalton Lipoprotein (Tp32) of Treponema pallidum Is an L-Methionine-binding Protein. J. Biol. Chem. 279: 55644-55650 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Schachtsiek, M., Hammes, W. P., Hertel, C. (2004). Characterization of Lactobacillus coryniformis DSM 20001T Surface Protein Cpf Mediating Coaggregation with and Aggregation among Pathogens. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 70: 7078-7085 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Kusumoto, A., Seto, S., Jaffe, J. D., Miyata, M. (2004). Cell surface differentiation of Mycoplasma mobile visualized by surface protein localization. Microbiology 150: 4001-4008 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Boekhorst, J., Siezen, R. J., Zwahlen, M.-C., Vilanova, D., Pridmore, R. D., Mercenier, A., Kleerebezem, M., de Vos, W. M., Brussow, H., Desiere, F. (2004). The complete genomes of Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus johnsonii reveal extensive differences in chromosome organization and gene content. Microbiology 150: 3601-3611 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Lejon, S., Frick, I.-M., Bjorck, L., Wikstrom, M., Svensson, S. (2004). Crystal Structure and Biological Implications of a Bacterial Albumin Binding Module in Complex with Human Serum Albumin. J. Biol. Chem. 279: 42924-42928 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Marraffini, L. A., Ton-That, H., Zong, Y., Narayana, S. V. L., Schneewind, O. (2004). Anchoring of Surface Proteins to the Cell Wall of Staphylococcus aureus: A CONSERVED ARGININE RESIDUE IS REQUIRED FOR EFFICIENT CATALYSIS OF SORTASE A. J. Biol. Chem. 279: 37763-37770 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Barnett, T. C., Patel, A. R., Scott, J. R. (2004). A Novel Sortase, SrtC2, from Streptococcus pyogenes Anchors a Surface Protein Containing a QVPTGV Motif to the Cell Wall. J. Bacteriol. 186: 5865-5875 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Oussenko, I. A., Sanchez, R., Bechhofer, D. H. (2004). Bacillus subtilis YhcR, a High-Molecular-Weight, Nonspecific Endonuclease with a Unique Domain Structure. J. Bacteriol. 186: 5376-5383 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Katayama, T., Sakuma, A., Kimura, T., Makimura, Y., Hiratake, J., Sakata, K., Yamanoi, T., Kumagai, H., Yamamoto, K. (2004). Molecular Cloning and Characterization of Bifidobacterium bifidum 1,2-{alpha}-L-Fucosidase (AfcA), a Novel Inverting Glycosidase (Glycoside Hydrolase Family 95). J. Bacteriol. 186: 4885-4893 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Hurst, M. R. H., Glare, T. R., Jackson, T. A. (2004). Cloning Serratia entomophila Antifeeding Genes--a Putative Defective Prophage Active against the Grass Grub Costelytra zealandica. J. Bacteriol. 186: 5116-5128 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Stentz, R., Jury, K., Eaton, T., Parker, M., Narbad, A., Gasson, M., Shearman, C. (2004). Controlled expression of CluA in Lactococcus lactis and its role in conjugation. Microbiology 150: 2503-2512 [Abstract] [Full Text]  


Copyright © 2010 by the American Society for Microbiology.   For an alternate route to Journals.ASM.org, visit: http://intl-journals.asm.org | More Info»