Formation of mRNA 3' Ends in Eukaryotes: Mechanism, Regulation, and Interrelationships with Other Steps in mRNA Synthesis

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Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews, June 1999, p. 405-445, Vol. 63, No. 2
1092-2172/99/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1999, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Formation of mRNA 3' Ends in Eukaryotes: Mechanism, Regulation, and Interrelationships with Other Steps in mRNA Synthesis

Jing Zhao,¹ Linda Hyman,² and Claire Moore¹^,^*

Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts,¹ and Department of Biochemistry, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana²

Formation of mRNA 3' ends in eukaryotes requires the interaction of transacting factors with cis-acting signal elements onthe RNA precursor by two distinct mechanisms, one for the cleavageof most replication-dependent histone transcripts and the otherfor cleavage and polyadenylation of the majority of eukaryoticmRNAs. Most of the basic factors have now been identified, aswell as some of the key protein-protein and RNA-protein interactions.This processing can be regulated by changing the levels or activityof basic factors or by using activators and repressors, many ofwhich are components of the splicing machinery. These regulatorymechanisms act during differentiation, progression through thecell cycle, or viral infections. Recent findings suggest thatthe association of cleavage/polyadenylation factors with the transcriptionalcomplex via the carboxyl-terminal domain of the RNA polymeraseII (Pol II) large subunit is the means by which the cell restrictspolyadenylation to Pol II transcripts. The processing of 3' endsis also important for transcription termination downstream ofcleavage sites and for assembly of an export-competent mRNA. Theprogress of the last few years points to a remarkable coordinationand cooperativity in the steps leading to the appearance of translatablemRNA in thecytoplasm.

^* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Tufts University, 136 Harrison Ave.,Boston, MA 02111. Phone: (617) 636-6935. Fax: (617) 636-0337.E-mail: cmoore{at}opal.tufts.edu.

Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews, June 1999, p. 405-445, Vol. 63, No. 2
1092-2172/99/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1999, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

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