Resistance of Bacillus Endospores to Extreme Terrestrial and Extraterrestrial Environments

doi:10.1128/MMBR.64.3.548-572.2000

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Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews, September 2000, p. 548-572, Vol. 64, No. 3
1092-2172/00/$04.00+0
Copyright © 2000, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Resistance of Bacillus Endospores to Extreme Terrestrial and Extraterrestrial Environments

Wayne L. Nicholson,¹^,^* Nobuo Munakata,² Gerda Horneck,³ Henry J. Melosh,⁴ and Peter Setlow⁵

Department of Veterinary Science and Microbiology¹ and Lunar and Planetary Laboratory,⁴ University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721; Radiobiology Division, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan 104-0045²; Radiobiology Section, DLR, Institute of Aerospace Medicine, Cologne, Germany³; and Department of Biochemistry, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut 06032⁵

Endospores of Bacillus spp., especially Bacillus subtilis, have served as experimental models for exploring the molecularmechanisms underlying the incredible longevity of spores and theirresistance to environmental insults. In this review we summarizethe molecular laboratory model of spore resistance mechanismsand attempt to use the model as a basis for exploration of theresistance of spores to environmental extremes both on Earth andduring postulated interplanetary transfer through space as a resultof natural impactprocesses.

^* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Veterinary Science and Microbiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ85721. Phone: (520) 621-2157. Fax: (520) 621-6366. E-mail: wln{at}u.arizona.edu.

Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews, September 2000, p. 548-572, Vol. 64, No. 3
1092-2172/00/$04.00+0
Copyright © 2000, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

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