This Article
Right arrow Full Text
Right arrow Full Text (PDF)
Right arrow Alert me when this article is cited
Right arrow Alert me if a correction is posted
Right arrow Citation Map
Services
Right arrow E-mail this article to a friend
Right arrow Similar articles in this journal
Right arrow Similar articles in PubMed
Right arrow Alert me to new issues of the journal
Right arrow Download to citation manager
Right arrowReprints and Permissions
Right arrow Copyright Information
Right arrow Books from ASM Press
Right arrow MicrobeWorld
Citing Articles
Right arrow Citing Articles via HighWire
Right arrow Citing Articles via Google Scholar
Google Scholar
Right arrow Articles by Chilcott, G. S.
Right arrow Articles by Hughes, K. T.
Right arrow Search for Related Content
PubMed
Right arrow PubMed Citation
Right arrow Articles by Chilcott, G. S.
Right arrow Articles by Hughes, K. T.

 Previous Article  |  Next Article 

Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews, December 2000, p. 694-708, Vol. 64, No. 4
1092-2172/00/$04.00+0
Copyright © 2000, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Coupling of Flagellar Gene Expression to Flagellar Assembly in Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium and Escherichia coli

Gavin S. Chilcott and Kelly T. Hughes*

Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195

How do organisms assess the degree of completion of a large structure, especially an extracellular structure such as a flagellum? Bacteria can do this. Mutants that lack key components needed early in assembly fail to express proteins that would normally be added at later assembly stages. In some cases, the regulatory circuitry is able to sense completion of structures beyond the cell surface, such as completion of the external hook structure. In Salmonella and Escherichia coli, regulation occurs at both transcriptional and posttranscriptional levels. One transcriptional regulatory mechanism involves a regulatory protein, FlgM, that escapes from the cell (and thus can no longer act) through a complete flagellum and is held inside when the structure has not reached a later stage of completion. FlgM prevents late flagellar gene transcription by binding the flagellum-specific transcription factor sigma 28. FlgM is itself regulated in response to the assembly of an incomplete flagellum known as the hook-basal body intermediate structure. Upon completion of the hook-basal body structure, FlgM is exported through this structure out of the cell. Inhibition of sigma 28-dependent transcription is relieved, and genes required for the later assembly stages are expressed, allowing completion of the flagellar organelle. Distinct posttranscriptional regulatory mechanisms occur in response to assembly of the flagellar type III secretion apparatus and of ring structures in the peptidoglycan and lipopolysaccharide layers. The entire flagellar regulatory pathway is regulated in response to environmental cues. Cell cycle control and flagellar development are codependent. We discuss how all these levels of regulation ensure efficient assembly of the flagellum in response to environmental stimuli.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Microbiology, Box 357242, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195. E-mail: hughes{at}u.washington.edu.

Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews, December 2000, p. 694-708, Vol. 64, No. 4
1092-2172/00/$04.00+0
Copyright © 2000, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


This article has been cited by other articles:

  • Copeland, M. F., Flickinger, S. T., Tuson, H. H., Weibel, D. B. (2010). Studying the Dynamics of Flagella in Multicellular Communities of Escherichia coli by Using Biarsenical Dyes. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 76: 1241-1250 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Martinez-Nunez, M. A., Perez-Rueda, E., Gutierrez-Rios, R. M., Merino, E. (2010). New insights into the regulatory networks of paralogous genes in bacteria. Microbiology 156: 14-22 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Hu, Y., Wang, Y., Ding, L., Lu, P., Atkinson, S., Chen, S. (2009). Positive regulation of flhDC expression by OmpR in Yersinia pseudotuberculosis. Microbiology 155: 3622-3631 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Feklistov, A., Darst, S. A. (2009). Promoter recognition by bacterial alternative {sigma} factors: the price of high selectivity?. Genes Dev. 23: 2371-2375 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Koo, B.-M., Rhodius, V. A., Nonaka, G., deHaseth, P. L., Gross, C. A. (2009). Reduced capacity of alternative {sigma}s to melt promoters ensures stringent promoter recognition. Genes Dev. 23: 2426-2436 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Hirano, T., Mizuno, S., Aizawa, S.-I., Hughes, K. T. (2009). Mutations in Flk, FlgG, FlhA, and FlhE That Affect the Flagellar Type III Secretion Specificity Switch in Salmonella enterica. J. Bacteriol. 191: 3938-3949 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Ding, L., Wang, Y., Hu, Y., Atkinson, S., Williams, P., Chen, S. (2009). Functional characterization of FlgM in the regulation of flagellar synthesis and motility in Yersinia pseudotuberculosis. Microbiology 155: 1890-1900 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Aberg, A., Fernandez-Vazquez, J., Cabrer-Panes, J. D., Sanchez, A., Balsalobre, C. (2009). Similar and Divergent Effects of ppGpp and DksA Deficiencies on Transcription in Escherichia coli. J. Bacteriol. 191: 3226-3236 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Stockhammer, O. W., Zakrzewska, A., Hegedus, Z., Spaink, H. P., Meijer, A. H. (2009). Transcriptome Profiling and Functional Analyses of the Zebrafish Embryonic Innate Immune Response to Salmonella Infection. J. Immunol. 182: 5641-5653 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Osanai, T., Imashimizu, M., Seki, A., Sato, S., Tabata, S., Imamura, S., Asayama, M., Ikeuchi, M., Tanaka, K. (2009). ChlH, the H subunit of the Mg-chelatase, is an anti-sigma factor for SigE in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 106: 6860-6865 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Joslin, S. N., Hendrixson, D. R. (2009). Activation of the Campylobacter jejuni FlgSR Two-Component System Is Linked to the Flagellar Export Apparatus. J. Bacteriol. 191: 2656-2667 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Smith, T. G., Pereira, L., Hoover, T. R. (2009). Helicobacter pylori FlhB processing-deficient variants affect flagellar assembly but not flagellar gene expression. Microbiology 155: 1170-1180 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Wozniak, C. E., Lee, C., Hughes, K. T. (2009). T-POP Array Identifies EcnR and PefI-SrgD as Novel Regulators of Flagellar Gene Expression. J. Bacteriol. 191: 1498-1508 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Lemuth, K., Hardiman, T., Winter, S., Pfeiffer, D., Keller, M. A., Lange, S., Reuss, M., Schmid, R. D., Siemann-Herzberg, M. (2008). Global Transcription and Metabolic Flux Analysis of Escherichia coli in Glucose-Limited Fed-Batch Cultivations. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 74: 7002-7015 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Pesavento, C., Becker, G., Sommerfeldt, N., Possling, A., Tschowri, N., Mehlis, A., Hengge, R. (2008). Inverse regulatory coordination of motility and curli-mediated adhesion in Escherichia coli. Genes Dev. 22: 2434-2446 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Clemmer, K. M., Rather, P. N. (2008). The Lon protease regulates swarming motility and virulence gene expression in Proteus mirabilis. J Med Microbiol 57: 931-937 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Saini, S., Brown, J. D., Aldridge, P. D., Rao, C. V. (2008). FliZ Is a Posttranslational Activator of FlhD4C2-Dependent Flagellar Gene Expression. J. Bacteriol. 190: 4979-4988 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Spencer, M. R., Beare, P. A., Lamont, I. L. (2008). Role of Cell Surface Signaling in Proteolysis of an Alternative Sigma Factor in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. J. Bacteriol. 190: 4865-4869 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Raberg, M., Reinecke, F., Reichelt, R., Malkus, U., Konig, S., Potter, M., Fricke, W. F., Pohlmann, A., Voigt, B., Hecker, M., Friedrich, B., Bowien, B., Steinbuchel, A. (2008). Ralstonia eutropha H16 Flagellation Changes According to Nutrient Supply and State of Poly(3-Hydroxybutyrate) Accumulation. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 74: 4477-4490 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Cui, Y., Chatterjee, A., Yang, H., Chatterjee, A. K. (2008). Regulatory Network Controlling Extracellular Proteins in Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora: FlhDC, the Master Regulator of Flagellar Genes, Activates rsmB Regulatory RNA Production by Affecting gacA and hexA (lrhA) Expression. J. Bacteriol. 190: 4610-4623 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Simms, A. N., Mobley, H. L. T. (2008). Multiple Genes Repress Motility in Uropathogenic Escherichia coli Constitutively Expressing Type 1 Fimbriae. J. Bacteriol. 190: 3747-3756 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Soo, P.-C., Horng, Y.-T., Wei, J.-R., Shu, J.-C., Lu, C.-C., Lai, H.-C. (2008). Regulation of Swarming Motility and flhDCSm Expression by RssAB Signaling in Serratia marcescens. J. Bacteriol. 190: 2496-2504 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Joslin, S. N., Hendrixson, D. R. (2008). Analysis of the Campylobacter jejuni FlgR Response Regulator Suggests Integration of Diverse Mechanisms To Activate an NtrC-Like Protein. J. Bacteriol. 190: 2422-2433 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Hatt, J. K., Rather, P. N. (2008). Characterization of a Novel Gene, wosA, Regulating FlhDC Expression in Proteus mirabilis. J. Bacteriol. 190: 1946-1955 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Sal, M. S., Li, C., Motalab, M. A., Shibata, S., Aizawa, S.-I., Charon, N. W. (2008). Borrelia burgdorferi Uniquely Regulates Its Motility Genes and Has an Intricate Flagellar Hook-Basal Body Structure. J. Bacteriol. 190: 1912-1921 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Wolfe, A. J., Visick, K. L. (2008). Get the Message Out: Cyclic-Di-GMP Regulates Multiple Levels of Flagellum-Based Motility. J. Bacteriol. 190: 463-475 [Full Text]  
  • Niba, E. T. E., Naka, Y., Nagase, M., Mori, H., Kitakawa, M. (2008). A Genome-wide Approach to Identify the Genes Involved in Biofilm Formation in E. coli. DNA Res 0: dsm024v1-10 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Bresolin, G., Trcek, J., Scherer, S., Fuchs, T. M. (2008). Presence of a functional flagellar cluster Flag-2 and low-temperature expression of flagellar genes in Yersinia enterocolitica W22703. Microbiology 154: 196-206 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Arai, H., Roh, J. H., Kaplan, S. (2008). Transcriptome Dynamics during the Transition from Anaerobic Photosynthesis to Aerobic Respiration in Rhodobacter sphaeroides 2.4.1. J. Bacteriol. 190: 286-299 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Castelli, M. E., Fedrigo, G. V., Clementin, A. L., Ielmini, M. V., Feldman, M. F., Vescovi, E. G. (2008). Enterobacterial Common Antigen Integrity Is a Checkpoint for Flagellar Biogenesis in Serratia marcescens. J. Bacteriol. 190: 213-220 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Simon, R., Heithoff, D. M., Mahan, M. J., Samuel, C. E. (2007). Comparison of Tissue-Selective Proinflammatory Gene Induction in Mice Infected with Wild-Type, DNA Adenine Methylase-Deficient, and Flagellin-Deficient Salmonella enterica. Infect. Immun. 75: 5627-5639 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Wang, Q., Zhao, Y., McClelland, M., Harshey, R. M. (2007). The RcsCDB Signaling System and Swarming Motility in Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium: Dual Regulation of Flagellar and SPI-2 Virulence Genes. J. Bacteriol. 189: 8447-8457 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Claret, L., Miquel, S., Vieille, N., Ryjenkov, D. A., Gomelsky, M., Darfeuille-Michaud, A. (2007). The Flagellar Sigma Factor FliA Regulates Adhesion and Invasion of Crohn Disease-associated Escherichia coli via a Cyclic Dimeric GMP-dependent Pathway. J. Biol. Chem. 282: 33275-33283 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • de la Mora, J., Ballado, T., Gonzalez-Pedrajo, B., Camarena, L., Dreyfus, G. (2007). The Flagellar Muramidase from the Photosynthetic Bacterium Rhodobacter sphaeroides. J. Bacteriol. 189: 7998-8004 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Falker, S., Schilling, J., Schmidt, M. A., Heusipp, G. (2007). Overproduction of DNA Adenine Methyltransferase Alters Motility, Invasion, and the Lipopolysaccharide O-Antigen Composition of Yersinia enterocolitica. Infect. Immun. 75: 4990-4997 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Chevance, F. F.V., Takahashi, N., Karlinsey, J. E., Gnerer, J., Hirano, T., Samudrala, R., Aizawa, S.-I., Hughes, K. T. (2007). The mechanism of outer membrane penetration by the eubacterial flagellum and implications for spirochete evolution. Genes Dev. 21: 2326-2335 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Kamal, N., Dorrell, N., Jagannathan, A., Turner, S. M., Constantinidou, C., Studholme, D. J., Marsden, G., Hinds, J., Laing, K. G., Wren, B. W., Penn, C. W. (2007). Deletion of a previously uncharacterized flagellar-hook-length control gene fliK modulates the {sigma}54-dependent regulon in Campylobacter jejuni. Microbiology 153: 3099-3111 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Zhao, K., Liu, M., Burgess, R. R. (2007). Adaptation in bacterial flagellar and motility systems: from regulon members to 'foraging'-like behavior in E. coli. Nucleic Acids Res 35: 4441-4452 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Thijs, I. M. V., De Keersmaecker, S. C. J., Fadda, A., Engelen, K., Zhao, H., McClelland, M., Marchal, K., Vanderleyden, J. (2007). Delineation of the Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium HilA Regulon through Genome-Wide Location and Transcript Analysis. J. Bacteriol. 189: 4587-4596 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Parthasarathy, G., Yao, Y., Kim, K. S. (2007). Flagella Promote Escherichia coli K1 Association with and Invasion of Human Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells. Infect. Immun. 75: 2937-2945 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Jones-Carson, J., McCollister, B. D., Clambey, E. T., Vazquez-Torres, A. (2007). Systemic CD8 T-Cell Memory Response to a Salmonella Pathogenicity Island 2 Effector Is Restricted to Salmonella enterica Encountered in the Gastrointestinal Mucosa. Infect. Immun. 75: 2708-2716 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Fink, R. C., Evans, M. R., Porwollik, S., Vazquez-Torres, A., Jones-Carson, J., Troxell, B., Libby, S. J., McClelland, M., Hassan, H. M. (2007). FNR Is a Global Regulator of Virulence and Anaerobic Metabolism in Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium (ATCC 14028s). J. Bacteriol. 189: 2262-2273 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Badie, G., Heithoff, D. M., Sinsheimer, R. L., Mahan, M. J. (2007). Altered Levels of Salmonella DNA Adenine Methylase Are Associated with Defects in Gene Expression, Motility, Flagellar Synthesis, and Bile Resistance in the Pathogenic Strain 14028 but Not in the Laboratory Strain LT2. J. Bacteriol. 189: 1556-1564 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Leonard, S., Ferooz, J., Haine, V., Danese, I., Fretin, D., Tibor, A., de Walque, S., De Bolle, X., Letesson, J.-J. (2007). FtcR Is a New Master Regulator of the Flagellar System of Brucella melitensis 16M with Homologs in Rhizobiaceae. J. Bacteriol. 189: 131-141 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Fardini, Y., Chettab, K., Grepinet, O., Rochereau, S., Trotereau, J., Harvey, P., Amy, M., Bottreau, E., Bumstead, N., Barrow, P. A., Virlogeux-Payant, I. (2007). The YfgL Lipoprotein Is Essential for Type III Secretion System Expression and Virulence of Salmonella enterica Serovar Enteritidis. Infect. Immun. 75: 358-370 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Balbontin, R., Rowley, G., Pucciarelli, M. G., Lopez-Garrido, J., Wormstone, Y., Lucchini, S., Garcia-del Portillo, F., Hinton, J. C. D., Casadesus, J. (2006). DNA Adenine Methylation Regulates Virulence Gene Expression in Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium. J. Bacteriol. 188: 8160-8168 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Wang, Q., Mariconda, S., Suzuki, A., McClelland, M., Harshey, R. M. (2006). Uncovering a Large Set of Genes That Affect Surface Motility in Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium. J. Bacteriol. 188: 7981-7984 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Stevenson, L. G., Rather, P. N. (2006). A Novel Gene Involved in Regulating the Flagellar Gene Cascade in Proteus mirabilis. J. Bacteriol. 188: 7830-7839 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Teplitski, M., Al-Agely, A., Ahmer, B. M. M. (2006). Contribution of the SirA regulon to biofilm formation in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium.. Microbiology 152: 3411-3424 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Shen, L., Feng, X., Yuan, Y., Luo, X., Hatch, T. P., Hughes, K. T., Liu, J. S., Zhang, Y.-x. (2006). Selective Promoter Recognition by Chlamydial {sigma}28 Holoenzyme. J. Bacteriol. 188: 7364-7377 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Noda, S., Takezawa, Y., Mizutani, T., Asakura, T., Nishiumi, E., Onoe, K., Wada, M., Tomita, F., Matsushita, K., Yokota, A. (2006). Alterations of Cellular Physiology in Escherichia coli in Response to Oxidative Phosphorylation Impaired by Defective F1-ATPase.. J. Bacteriol. 188: 6869-6876 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Aldridge, P. D., Karlinsey, J. E., Aldridge, C., Birchall, C., Thompson, D., Yagasaki, J., Hughes, K. T. (2006). The flagellar-specific transcription factor, {sigma}28, is the Type III secretion chaperone for the flagellar-specific anti-{sigma}28 factor FlgM.. Genes Dev. 20: 2315-2326 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Yu, H. H. Y., Di Russo, E. G., Rounds, M. A., Tan, M. (2006). Mutational Analysis of the Promoter Recognized by Chlamydia and Escherichia coli {sigma}28 RNA Polymerase.. J. Bacteriol. 188: 5524-5531 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Rosu, V., Hughes, K. T. (2006). {sigma}28-Dependent Transcription in Salmonella enterica Is Independent of Flagellar Shearing.. J. Bacteriol. 188: 5196-5203 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Pruss, B. M., Besemann, C., Denton, A., Wolfe, A. J. (2006). A Complex Transcription Network Controls the Early Stages of Biofilm Development by Escherichia coli. J. Bacteriol. 188: 3731-3739 [Full Text]  
  • Moreira, C. G., Palmer, K., Whiteley, M., Sircili, M. P., Trabulsi, L. R., Castro, A. F. P., Sperandio, V. (2006). Bundle-Forming Pili and EspA Are Involved in Biofilm Formation by Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli. J. Bacteriol. 188: 3952-3961 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Rosu, V., Chevance, F. F. V., Karlinsey, J. E., Hirano, T., Hughes, K. T. (2006). Translation Inhibition of the Salmonella fliC Gene by the fliC 5' Untranslated Region, fliC Coding Sequences, and FlgM.. J. Bacteriol. 188: 4497-4507 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Lee, H. J., Hughes, K. T. (2006). Posttranscriptional Control of the Salmonella enterica Flagellar Hook Protein FlgE. J. Bacteriol. 188: 3308-3316 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Domka, J., Lee, J., Wood, T. K. (2006). YliH (BssR) and YceP (BssS) Regulate Escherichia coli K-12 Biofilm Formation by Influencing Cell Signaling. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 72: 2449-2459 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Mendez-Ortiz, M. M., Hyodo, M., Hayakawa, Y., Membrillo-Hernandez, J. (2006). Genome-wide Transcriptional Profile of Escherichia coli in Response to High Levels of the Second Messenger 3',5'-Cyclic Diguanylic Acid. J. Biol. Chem. 281: 8090-8099 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Frye, J., Karlinsey, J. E., Felise, H. R., Marzolf, B., Dowidar, N., McClelland, M., Hughes, K. T. (2006). Identification of New Flagellar Genes of Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium. J. Bacteriol. 188: 2233-2243 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Youderian, P., Hartzell, P. L. (2006). Transposon Insertions of magellan-4 That Impair Social Gliding Motility in Myxococcus xanthus. Genetics 172: 1397-1410 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Herzberg, M., Kaye, I. K., Peti, W., Wood, T. K. (2006). YdgG (TqsA) Controls Biofilm Formation in Escherichia coli K-12 through Autoinducer 2 Transport. J. Bacteriol. 188: 587-598 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Chevance, F. F. V., Karlinsey, J. E., Wozniak, C. E., Hughes, K. T. (2006). A Little Gene with Big Effects: a serT Mutant Is Defective in flgM Gene Translation. J. Bacteriol. 188: 297-304 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Gonzalez Barrios, A. F., Zuo, R., Hashimoto, Y., Yang, L., Bentley, W. E., Wood, T. K. (2006). Autoinducer 2 Controls Biofilm Formation in Escherichia coli through a Novel Motility Quorum-Sensing Regulator (MqsR, B3022). J. Bacteriol. 188: 305-316 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Che, D., Li, G., Mao, F., Wu, H., Xu, Y. (2006). Detecting uber-operons in prokaryotic genomes.. Nucleic Acids Res 34: 2418-2427 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Doucleff, M., Malak, L. T., Pelton, J. G., Wemmer, D. E. (2005). The C-terminal RpoN Domain of {sigma}54 Forms an Unpredicted Helix-Turn-Helix Motif Similar to Domains of {sigma}70. J. Biol. Chem. 280: 41530-41536 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Lane, M. C., Lockatell, V., Monterosso, G., Lamphier, D., Weinert, J., Hebel, J. R., Johnson, D. E., Mobley, H. L. T. (2005). Role of Motility in the Colonization of Uropathogenic Escherichia coli in the Urinary Tract. Infect. Immun. 73: 7644-7656 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Wright, K. J., Seed, P. C., Hultgren, S. J. (2005). Uropathogenic Escherichia coli Flagella Aid in Efficient Urinary Tract Colonization. Infect. Immun. 73: 7657-7668 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Tominaga, A., Lan, R., Reeves, P. R. (2005). Evolutionary Changes of the flhDC Flagellar Master Operon in Shigella Strains. J. Bacteriol. 187: 4295-4302 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Rietsch, A., Vallet-Gely, I., Dove, S. L., Mekalanos, J. J. (2005). ExsE, a secreted regulator of type III secretion genes in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 102: 8006-8011 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Liu, Y., Gao, W., Wang, Y., Wu, L., Liu, X., Yan, T., Alm, E., Arkin, A., Thompson, D. K., Fields, M. W., Zhou, J. (2005). Transcriptome Analysis of Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 in Response to Elevated Salt Conditions. J. Bacteriol. 187: 2501-2507 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • O'Shea, T. M., DeLoney-Marino, C. R., Shibata, S., Aizawa, S.-I., Wolfe, A. J., Visick, K. L. (2005). Magnesium Promotes Flagellation of Vibrio fischeri. J. Bacteriol. 187: 2058-2065 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Nishino, K., Honda, T., Yamaguchi, A. (2005). Genome-Wide Analyses of Escherichia coli Gene Expression Responsive to the BaeSR Two-Component Regulatory System. J. Bacteriol. 187: 1763-1772 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Gyaneshwar, P., Paliy, O., McAuliffe, J., Jones, A., Jordan, M. I., Kustu, S. (2005). Lessons from Escherichia coli genes similarly regulated in response to nitrogen and sulfur limitation. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 102: 3453-3458 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Barker, C. S., Pruss, B. M., Matsumura, P. (2004). Increased Motility of Escherichia coli by Insertion Sequence Element Integration into the Regulatory Region of the flhD Operon. J. Bacteriol. 186: 7529-7537 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Amati, G., Bisicchia, P., Galizzi, A. (2004). DegU-P Represses Expression of the Motility fla-che Operon in Bacillus subtilis. J. Bacteriol. 186: 6003-6014 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Rouanet, C., Reverchon, S., Rodionov, D. A., Nasser, W. (2004). Definition of a Consensus DNA-binding Site for PecS, a Global Regulator of Virulence Gene Expression in Erwinia chrysanthemi and Identification of New Members of the PecS Regulon. J. Biol. Chem. 279: 30158-30167 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Kelly, A., Goldberg, M. D., Carroll, R. K., Danino, V., Hinton, J. C. D., Dorman, C. J. (2004). A global role for Fis in the transcriptional control of metabolism and type III secretion in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. Microbiology 150: 2037-2053 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Kapatral, V., Campbell, J. W., Minnich, S. A., Thomson, N. R., Matsumura, P., Pruss, B. M. (2004). Gene array analysis of Yersinia enterocolitica FlhD and FlhC: regulation of enzymes affecting synthesis and degradation of carbamoylphosphate. Microbiology 150: 2289-2300 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Motaleb, M. A., Sal, M. S., Charon, N. W. (2004). The Decrease in FlaA Observed in a flaB Mutant of Borrelia burgdorferi Occurs Posttranscriptionally. J. Bacteriol. 186: 3703-3711 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Cuadros, C., Lopez-Hernandez, F. J., Dominguez, A. L., McClelland, M., Lustgarten, J. (2004). Flagellin Fusion Proteins as Adjuvants or Vaccines Induce Specific Immune Responses. Infect. Immun. 72: 2810-2816 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Wolfgang, M. C., Jyot, J., Goodman, A. L., Ramphal, R., Lory, S. (2004). Pseudomonas aeruginosa regulates flagellin expression as part of a global response to airway fluid from cystic fibrosis patients. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 101: 6664-6668 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Wosten, M. M. S. M., Wagenaar, J. A., van Putten, J. P. M. (2004). The FlgS/FlgR Two-component Signal Transduction System Regulates the fla Regulon in Campylobacter jejuni. J. Biol. Chem. 279: 16214-16222 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Monday, S. R., Minnich, S. A., Feng, P. C. H. (2004). A 12-Base-Pair Deletion in the Flagellar Master Control Gene flhC Causes Nonmotility of the Pathogenic German Sorbitol-Fermenting Escherichia coli O157:H- Strains. J. Bacteriol. 186: 2319-2327 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Hiniker, A., Bardwell, J. C. A. (2004). In Vivo Substrate Specificity of Periplasmic Disulfide Oxidoreductases. J. Biol. Chem. 279: 12967-12973 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Ellermeier, C. D., Slauch, J. M. (2004). RtsA Coordinately Regulates DsbA and the Salmonella Pathogenicity Island 1 Type III Secretion System. J. Bacteriol. 186: 68-79 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Teplitski, M., Goodier, R. I., Ahmer, B. M. M. (2003). Pathways Leading from BarA/SirA to Motility and Virulence Gene Expression in Salmonella. J. Bacteriol. 185: 7257-7265 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Ellermeier, C. D., Slauch, J. M. (2003). RtsA and RtsB Coordinately Regulate Expression of the Invasion and Flagellar Genes in Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium. J. Bacteriol. 185: 5096-5108 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Gauthier, A., Thomas, N. A., Finlay, B. B. (2003). Bacterial Injection Machines. J. Biol. Chem. 278: 25273-25276 [Full Text]  
  • Bonifield, H. R., Hughes, K. T. (2003). Flagellar Phase Variation in Salmonella enterica Is Mediated by a Posttranscriptional Control Mechanism. J. Bacteriol. 185: 3567-3574 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Choquet, Y., Zito, F., Wostrikoff, K., Wollman, F.-A. (2003). Cytochrome f Translation in Chlamydomonas Chloroplast Is Autoregulated by its Carboxyl-Terminal Domain. Plant Cell 15: 1443-1454 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Kim, W., Killam, T., Sood, V., Surette, M. G. (2003). Swarm-Cell Differentiation in Salmonellaenterica Serovar Typhimurium Results in Elevated Resistance to Multiple Antibiotics. J. Bacteriol. 185: 3111-3117 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Mavris, M., Sansonetti, P. J., Parsot, C. (2002). Identification of the cis-Acting Site Involved in Activation of Promoters Regulated by Activity of the Type III Secretion Apparatus in Shigella flexneri. J. Bacteriol. 184: 6751-6759 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Dasgupta, N., Ferrell, E. P., Kanack, K. J., West, S. E. H., Ramphal, R. (2002). fleQ, the Gene Encoding the Major Flagellar Regulator of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Is {sigma}70 Dependent and Is Downregulated by Vfr, a Homolog of Escherichia coli Cyclic AMP Receptor Protein. J. Bacteriol. 184: 5240-5250 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Matz, C., van Vliet, A. H. M., Ketley, J. M., Penn, C. W. (2002). Mutational and transcriptional analysis of the Campylobacter jejuni flagellar biosynthesis gene flhB. Microbiology 148: 1679-1685 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Prouty, A. M., Schwesinger, W. H., Gunn, J. S. (2002). Biofilm Formation and Interaction with the Surfaces of Gallstones by Salmonella spp.. Infect. Immun. 70: 2640-2649 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Li, C., Bakker, R. G., Motaleb, Md. A., Sartakova, M. L., Cabello, F. C., Charon, N. W. (2002). Asymmetrical flagellar rotation in Borrelia burgdorferi nonchemotactic mutants. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 99: 6169-6174 [Abstract] [Full Text]  


Copyright © 2010 by the American Society for Microbiology.   For an alternate route to Journals.ASM.org, visit: http://intl-journals.asm.org | More Info»