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Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews, December 2000, p. 725-745, Vol. 64, No. 4
1092-2172/00/$04.00+0
Copyright © 2000, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Positive and Negative Aspects of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus Protease: Development of Inhibitors versus Its Role in AIDS Pathogenesis

Kazuyoshi Ikuta,1,2,* Satoko Suzuki,2 Haruko Horikoshi,1 Tetsu Mukai,1 and Ronald B. Luftig3,*

Department of Virology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases (Biken), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871,1 and Section of Serology, Institute of Immunological Science, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0815,2 Japan, and Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Louisiana State University Medical Center, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112-13933

In this review we summarize multiple aspects of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) protease from both structural and functional viewpoints. After an introductory overview, we provide an up-to-date status report on protease inhibitors (PI). This proceeds from a discussion of PI structural design, to how PI are optimally utilized in highly active antiretroviral triple therapy (one PI along with two reverse transcriptase inhibitors), the emergence of PI resistance, and the natural role of secretory leukocyte PI. Then we switch to another focus: the interaction of HIV protease with other genes in acute and persistent infection, which in turn may have an effect on AIDS pathogenesis. We conclude with a discussion on future directions in HIV treatment, involving multiple-target anti-HIV therapy, vaccine development, and novel reactivation-inhibitory reagents.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address for K. Ikuta: Department of Virology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases (Biken), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan. Phone: 81 (6) 6879-8307. Fax: 81 (6) 6879-8310. E-mail: ikuta{at}biken.osaka-u.ac.jp. Mailing address for R. B. Luftig: Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Louisiana State University Medical Center, 1901 Perdido Street, New Orleans, LA 70112-1393. Phone: (504) 568-4063. Fax: (504) 568-2918. E-mail: rlufti{at}lsuhsc.edu.

Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews, December 2000, p. 725-745, Vol. 64, No. 4
1092-2172/00/$04.00+0
Copyright © 2000, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


This article has been cited by other articles:

  • Komoto, S., Tsuji, S., Ibrahim, M. S., Li, Y.-G., Warachit, J., Taniguchi, K., Ikuta, K. (2003). The Vpu Protein of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Plays a Protective Role against Virus-Induced Apoptosis in Primary CD4+ T Lymphocytes. J. Virol. 77: 10304-10313 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • de Oliveira, T., Engelbrecht, S., Janse van Rensburg, E., Gordon, M., Bishop, K., zur Megede, J., Barnett, S. W., Cassol, S. (2003). Variability at Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Subtype C Protease Cleavage Sites: an Indication of Viral Fitness?. J. Virol. 77: 9422-9430 [Abstract] [Full Text]  


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