Signal Transduction Cascades Regulating Fungal Development and Virulence

doi:10.1128/MMBR.64.4.746-785.2000

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Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews, December 2000, p. 746-785, Vol. 64, No. 4
1092-2172/00/$04.00+0
Copyright © 2000, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Signal Transduction Cascades Regulating Fungal Development and Virulence

Klaus B. Lengeler, Robert C. Davidson, Cletus D'souza, Toshiaki Harashima, Wei-Chiang Shen, Ping Wang, Xuewen Pan, Michael Waugh, and Joseph Heitman^*

Departments of Genetics, Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Microbiology, and Medicine, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710

Cellular differentiation, mating, and filamentous growth are regulated in many fungi by environmental and nutritional signals.For example, in response to nitrogen limitation, diploid cellsof the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae undergo a dimorphic transitionto filamentous growth referred to as pseudohyphal differentiation.Yeast filamentous growth is regulated, in part, by two conservedsignal transduction cascades: a mitogen-activated protein kinasecascade and a G-protein regulated cyclic AMP signaling pathway.Related signaling cascades play an analogous role in regulatingmating and virulence in the plant fungal pathogen Ustilago maydisand the human fungal pathogens Cryptococcus neoformans and Candidaalbicans. We review here studies on the signaling cascades thatregulate development of these and other fungi. This analysis illustratesboth how the model yeast S. cerevisiae can serve as a paradigmfor signaling in other organisms and also how studies in otherfungi provide insights into conserved signaling pathways thatoperate in many divergentorganisms.

^* Corresponding author. Mailing address: 322 CARL Building, Box 3546, Research Drive, Duke University Medical Center, Durham,NC 27710. Phone: (919) 684-2824. Fax: (919) 684-5458. E-mail:heitm001{at}duke.edu.

Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews, December 2000, p. 746-785, Vol. 64, No. 4
1092-2172/00/$04.00+0
Copyright © 2000, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

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