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Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews, December 2000, p. 746-785, Vol. 64, No. 4
1092-2172/00/$04.00+0
Copyright © 2000, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Signal Transduction Cascades Regulating Fungal Development and Virulence

Klaus B. Lengeler, Robert C. Davidson, Cletus D'souza, Toshiaki Harashima, Wei-Chiang Shen, Ping Wang, Xuewen Pan, Michael Waugh, and Joseph Heitman*

Departments of Genetics, Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Microbiology, and Medicine, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710

Cellular differentiation, mating, and filamentous growth are regulated in many fungi by environmental and nutritional signals. For example, in response to nitrogen limitation, diploid cells of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae undergo a dimorphic transition to filamentous growth referred to as pseudohyphal differentiation. Yeast filamentous growth is regulated, in part, by two conserved signal transduction cascades: a mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade and a G-protein regulated cyclic AMP signaling pathway. Related signaling cascades play an analogous role in regulating mating and virulence in the plant fungal pathogen Ustilago maydis and the human fungal pathogens Cryptococcus neoformans and Candida albicans. We review here studies on the signaling cascades that regulate development of these and other fungi. This analysis illustrates both how the model yeast S. cerevisiae can serve as a paradigm for signaling in other organisms and also how studies in other fungi provide insights into conserved signaling pathways that operate in many divergent organisms.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: 322 CARL Building, Box 3546, Research Drive, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710. Phone: (919) 684-2824. Fax: (919) 684-5458. E-mail: heitm001{at}duke.edu.

Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews, December 2000, p. 746-785, Vol. 64, No. 4
1092-2172/00/$04.00+0
Copyright © 2000, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


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