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Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews, March 2001, p. 131-150, Vol. 65, No. 1
1092-2172/01/$04.00+0   DOI: 10.1128/MMBR.65.1.131-150.2001
Copyright © 2001, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Molecular Pathways in Virus-Induced Cytokine Production

Trine H. Mogensen and Søren R. Paludan*

Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Aarhus, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark

Virus infections induce a proinflammatory response including expression of cytokines and chemokines. The subsequent leukocyte recruitment and antiviral effector functions contribute to the first line of defense against viruses. The molecular virus-cell interactions initiating these events have been studied intensively, and it appears that viral surface glycoproteins, double-stranded RNA, and intracellular viral proteins all have the capacity to activate signal transduction pathways leading to the expression of cytokines and chemokines. The signaling pathways activated by viral infections include the major proinflammatory pathways, with the transcription factor NF-kappa B having received special attention. These transcription factors in turn promote the expression of specific inducible host proteins and participate in the expression of some viral genes. Here we review the current knowledge of virus-induced signal transduction by seven human pathogenic viruses and the most widely used experimental models for viral infections. The molecular mechanisms of virus-induced expression of cytokines and chemokines is also analyzed.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Bartholin Building, University of Aarhus, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. Phone: (45) 8942 1767. Fax: (45) 8619 6128. E-mail: srp{at}microbiology.au.dk.

Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews, March 2001, p. 131-150, Vol. 65, No. 1
1092-2172/01/$04.00+0   DOI: 10.1128/MMBR.65.1.131-150.2001
Copyright © 2001, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


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