Molecular Pathways in Virus-Induced Cytokine Production

doi:10.1128/MMBR.65.1.131-150.2001

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Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews, March 2001, p. 131-150, Vol. 65, No. 1
1092-2172/01/$04.00+0 DOI: 10.1128/MMBR.65.1.131-150.2001
Copyright © 2001, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Molecular Pathways in Virus-Induced Cytokine Production

Trine H. Mogensen and Søren R. Paludan^*

Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Aarhus, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark

Virus infections induce a proinflammatory response including expression of cytokines and chemokines. The subsequent leukocyterecruitment and antiviral effector functions contribute to thefirst line of defense against viruses. The molecular virus-cellinteractions initiating these events have been studied intensively,and it appears that viral surface glycoproteins, double-strandedRNA, and intracellular viral proteins all have the capacity toactivate signal transduction pathways leading to the expressionof cytokines and chemokines. The signaling pathways activatedby viral infections include the major proinflammatory pathways,with the transcription factor NF- $kappa$ B having received special attention.These transcription factors in turn promote the expression ofspecific inducible host proteins and participate in the expressionof some viral genes. Here we review the current knowledge of virus-inducedsignal transduction by seven human pathogenic viruses and themost widely used experimental models for viral infections. Themolecular mechanisms of virus-induced expression of cytokinesand chemokines is alsoanalyzed.

^* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Bartholin Building, University ofAarhus, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. Phone: (45) 8942 1767. Fax:(45) 8619 6128. E-mail: srp{at}microbiology.au.dk.

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