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Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews, March 2001, p. 80-105, Vol. 65, No. 1
1092-2172/01/$04.00+0   DOI: 10.1128/MMBR.65.1.80-105.2001
Copyright © 2001, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

PII Signal Transduction Proteins, Pivotal Players in Microbial Nitrogen Control

Tania Arcondéguy,dagger Rachael Jack, and Mike Merrick*

Department of Microbiology, John Innes Centre, Norwich, United Kingdom

The PII family of signal transduction proteins are among the most widely distributed signal proteins in the bacterial world. First identified in 1969 as a component of the glutamine synthetase regulatory apparatus, PII proteins have since been recognized as playing a pivotal role in control of prokaryotic nitrogen metabolism. More recently, members of the family have been found in higher plants, where they also potentially play a role in nitrogen control. The PII proteins can function in the regulation of both gene transcription, by modulating the activity of regulatory proteins, and the catalytic activity of enzymes involved in nitrogen metabolism. There is also emerging evidence that they may regulate the activity of proteins required for transport of nitrogen compounds into the cell. In this review we discuss the history of the PII proteins, their structures and biochemistry, and their distribution and functions in prokaryotes. We survey data emerging from bacterial genome sequences and consider other likely or potential targets for control by PII proteins.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Molecular Microbiology, John Innes Centre, Colney Lane, Norwich NR4 7UH, U.K. Phone: (44) 1603 450749. Fax: (44) 1603 450018. E-mail: mike.merrick{at}bbsrc.ac.uk.

dagger Present address: Dept. de Bioquimica, Facultad de Quimica, Universidad de Sevilla, 41080 Seville, Spain.

Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews, March 2001, p. 80-105, Vol. 65, No. 1
1092-2172/01/$04.00+0   DOI: 10.1128/MMBR.65.1.80-105.2001
Copyright © 2001, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


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