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Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews, June 2001, p. 261-287, Vol. 65, No. 2
1092-2172/01/$04.00+0   DOI: 10.1128/MMBR.65.2.261-287.2001
Copyright © 2001, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

phi 29 Family of Phages

Wilfried J. J. Meijer, José A. Horcajadas, and Margarita Salas*

Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (CSIC-UAM), Universidad Autónoma, Canto Blanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain

Continuous research spanning more than three decades has made the Bacillus bacteriophage phi 29 a paradigm for several molecular mechanisms of general biological processes, such as DNA replication, regulation of transcription, phage morphogenesis, and phage DNA packaging. The genome of bacteriophage phi 29 consists of a linear double-stranded DNA (dsDNA), which has a terminal protein (TP) covalently linked to its 5' ends. Initiation of DNA replication, carried out by a protein-primed mechanism, has been studied in detail and is considered to be a model system for the protein-primed DNA replication that is also used by most other linear genomes with a TP linked to their DNA ends, such as other phages, linear plasmids, and adenoviruses. In addition to a continuing progress in unraveling the initiation of DNA replication mechanism and the role of various proteins involved in this process, major advances have been made during the last few years, especially in our understanding of transcription regulation, the head-tail connector protein, and DNA packaging. Recent progress in all these topics is reviewed. In addition to phi 29, the genomes of several other Bacillus phages consist of a linear dsDNA with a TP molecule attached to their 5' ends. These phi 29-like phages can be divided into three groups. The first group includes, in addition to phi 29, phages PZA, phi 15, and BS32. The second group comprises B103, Nf, and M2Y, and the third group contains GA-1 as its sole member. Whereas the DNA sequences of the complete genomes of phi 29 (group I) and B103 (group II) are known, only parts of the genome of GA-1 (group III) were sequenced. We have determined the complete DNA sequence of the GA-1 genome, which allowed analysis of differences and homologies between the three groups of phi 29-like phages, which is included in this review.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa," Universidad Autónoma, Canto Blanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain. Phone: (34) 91 397 8435. Fax: (34) 91 397 8490. E-mail: msalas{at}cbm.uam.es.

Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews, June 2001, p. 261-287, Vol. 65, No. 2
1092-2172/01/$04.00+0   DOI: 10.1128/MMBR.65.2.261-287.2001
Copyright © 2001, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


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