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Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews, June 2004, p. 187-206, Vol. 68, No. 2
1092-2172/04/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/MMBR.68.2.187-206.2004
Copyright © 2004, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

"Sleeping Beauty": Quiescence in Saccharomyces cerevisiae{dagger}

Joseph V. Gray,1* Gregory A. Petsko,2 Gerald C. Johnston,3 Dagmar Ringe,2 Richard A. Singer,4 and Margaret Werner-Washburne5

Division of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biomedical and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G11 6NU, United Kingdom,1 Rosenstiel Basic Medical Sciences Research Center, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts 02454-9110,2 Department of Microbiology and Immunology,3 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 1X5, Canada,4 Biology Department, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 871315

The cells of organisms as diverse as bacteria and humans can enter stable, nonproliferating quiescent states. Quiescent cells of eukaryotic and prokaryotic microorganisms can survive for long periods without nutrients. This alternative state of cells is still poorly understood, yet much benefit is to be gained by understanding it both scientifically and with reference to human health. Here, we review our knowledge of one "model" quiescent cell population, in cultures of yeast grown to stationary phase in rich media. We outline the importance of understanding quiescence, summarize the properties of quiescent yeast cells, and clarify some definitions of the state. We propose that the processes by which a cell enters into, maintains viability in, and exits from quiescence are best viewed as an environmentally triggered cycle: the cell quiescence cycle. We synthesize what is known about the mechanisms by which yeast cells enter into quiescence, including the possible roles of the protein kinase A, TOR, protein kinase C, and Snf1p pathways. We also discuss selected mechanisms by which quiescent cells maintain viability, including metabolism, protein modification, and redox homeostasis. Finally, we outline what is known about the process by which cells exit from quiescence when nutrients again become available.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Division of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biomedical and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Anderson College, 56 Dumbarton Rd., Glasgow G11 6NU, United Kingdom. Phone: (0)141-330-5114/6235. Fax: (0)141-330-4878. E-mail: J.Gray{at}bio.gla.ac.uk.

{dagger} This paper is dedicated to the memory of Ira Herskowitz and Helmut Ruis.

Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews, June 2004, p. 187-206, Vol. 68, No. 2
1092-2172/04/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/MMBR.68.2.187-206.2004
Copyright © 2004, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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