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Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews, June 2004, p. 207-233, Vol. 68, No. 2
1092-2172/04/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/MMBR.68.2.207-233.2004
Copyright © 2004, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Proteomics of Protein Secretion by Bacillus subtilis: Separating the "Secrets" of the Secretome

Harold Tjalsma,1,2 Haike Antelmann,3 Jan D.H. Jongbloed,1 Peter G. Braun,4 Elise Darmon,1 Ronald Dorenbos,4 Jean-Yves F. Dubois,4,5 Helga Westers,4 Geeske Zanen,4 Wim J. Quax,4 Oscar P. Kuipers,1 Sierd Bron,1* Michael Hecker,3 and Jan Maarten van Dijl4,5

Department of Genetics, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, 9751 NN Haren,1 Department of Clinical Chemistry/564, University Medical Centre Nijmegen, 6500 HB Nijmegen,2 Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Groningen, 9713 AV Groningen,4 Department of Molecular Bacteriology, University of Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands,5 Institut für Mikrobiologie und Molekularbiologie, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-Universiät Greifswald, D-17487 Greifswald, Germany3

Secretory proteins perform a variety of important "remote-control" functions for bacterial survival in the environment. The availability of complete genome sequences has allowed us to make predictions about the composition of bacterial machinery for protein secretion as well as the extracellular complement of bacterial proteomes. Recently, the power of proteomics was successfully employed to evaluate genome-based models of these so-called secretomes. Progress in this field is well illustrated by the proteomic analysis of protein secretion by the gram-positive bacterium Bacillus subtilis, for which ~90 extracellular proteins were identified. Analysis of these proteins disclosed various "secrets of the secretome," such as the residence of cytoplasmic and predicted cell envelope proteins in the extracellular proteome. This showed that genome-based predictions reflect only ~50% of the actual composition of the extracellular proteome of B. subtilis. Importantly, proteomics allowed the first verification of the impact of individual secretion machinery components on the total flow of proteins from the cytoplasm to the extracellular environment. In conclusion, proteomics has yielded a variety of novel leads for the analysis of protein traffic in B. subtilis and other gram-positive bacteria. Ultimately, such leads will serve to increase our understanding of virulence factor biogenesis in gram-positive pathogens, which is likely to be of high medical relevance.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Genetics, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, Kerklaan 30, 9751 NN Haren, The Netherlands. Phone: 31-50-3638037. Fax: 31-50-3632348. E-mail: S.Bron{at}biol.rug.nl.

Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews, June 2004, p. 207-233, Vol. 68, No. 2
1092-2172/04/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/MMBR.68.2.207-233.2004
Copyright © 2004, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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