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Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews, June 2004, p. 263-279, Vol. 68, No. 2
1092-2172/04/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/MMBR.68.2.263-279.2004
Copyright © 2004, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

RegB/RegA, a Highly Conserved Redox-Responding Global Two-Component Regulatory System

Sylvie Elsen,1,{dagger} Lee R. Swem,2,{dagger} Danielle L. Swem,2,{dagger} and Carl E. Bauer2*

Laboratoire de Biochimie et de Biophysique des Systèmes Intégrés (UMR 5092 CNRS-CEA-UJF), CEA-Grenoble, 38054 Grenoble Cedex 9, France,1 Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 474052

The Reg regulon from Rhodobacter capsulatus and Rhodobacter sphaeroides encodes proteins involved in numerous energy-generating and energy-utilizing processes such as photosynthesis, carbon fixation, nitrogen fixation, hydrogen utilization, aerobic and anaerobic respiration, denitrification, electron transport, and aerotaxis. The redox signal that is detected by the membrane-bound sensor kinase, RegB, appears to originate from the aerobic respiratory chain, given that mutations in cytochrome c oxidase result in constitutive RegB autophosphorylation. Regulation of RegB autophosphorylation also involves a redox-active cysteine that is present in the cytosolic region of RegB. Both phosphorylated and unphosphorylated forms of the cognate response regulator RegA are capable of activating or repressing a variety of genes in the regulon. Highly conserved homologues of RegB and RegA have been found in a wide number of photosynthetic and nonphotosynthetic bacteria, with evidence suggesting that RegB/RegA plays a fundamental role in the transcription of redox-regulated genes in many bacterial species.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Biology, Indiana University, Jordan Hall, Bloomington, IN 47405. Phone: (812) 855-6595. Fax: (812) 856-4178. E-mail: cbauer{at}bio.indiana.edu.

{dagger} S.E., L.R.S., and D.L.S. contributed equally to this work and should be considered co-first authors.

Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews, June 2004, p. 263-279, Vol. 68, No. 2
1092-2172/04/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/MMBR.68.2.263-279.2004
Copyright © 2004, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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