This Article Full Text Full Text (PDF) Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Services Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Copyright Information Books from ASM Press MicrobeWorld Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Phipps, A. J. Articles by Lairmore, M. D. Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Phipps, A. J. Articles by Lairmore, M. D.

Rabbit and Nonhuman Primate Models of Toxin-Targeting Human Anthrax Vaccines

Department of Veterinary Biosciences,¹ Center for Microbial Interface Biology,² Comprehensive Cancer Center, Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute,⁴ Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology, and Medical Genetics,⁵ Center for Retrovirus Research, Ohio State University,⁶ Medical Research Evaluation Facility, Battelle Memorial Institute, Columbus, Ohio³

The intentional use of Bacillus anthracis, the etiological agent of anthrax, as a bioterrorist weapon in late 2001 made our society acutely aware of the importance of developing, testing, and stockpiling adequate countermeasures against biological attacks. Biodefense vaccines are an important component of our arsenal to be used during a biological attack. However, most of the agents considered significant threats either have been eradicated or rarely infect humans alive today. As such, vaccine efficacy cannot be determined in human clinical trials but must be extrapolated from experimental animal models. This article reviews the efficacy and immunogenicity of human anthrax vaccines in well-defined animal models and the progress toward developing a rugged immunologic correlate of protection. The ongoing evaluation of human anthrax vaccines will be dependent on animal efficacy data in the absence of human efficacy data for licensure by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.

This article has been cited by other articles:

• Omland, K. S., Brys, A., Lansky, D., Clement, K., Lynn, F., and the Participating Laboratories, (2008). Interlaboratory Comparison of Results of an Anthrax Lethal Toxin Neutralization Assay for Assessment of Functional Antibodies in Multiple Species. CVI 15: 946-953 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Taft, S. C., Weiss, A. A. (2008). Neutralizing Activity of Vaccine-Induced Antibodies to Two Bacillus anthracis Toxin Components, Lethal Factor and Edema Factor. CVI 15: 71-75 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Peterson, J. W., Comer, J. E., Noffsinger, D. M., Wenglikowski, A., Walberg, K. G., Chatuev, B. M., Chopra, A. K., Stanberry, L. R., Kang, A. S., Scholz, W. W., Sircar, J. (2006). Human Monoclonal Anti-Protective Antigen Antibody Completely Protects Rabbits and Is Synergistic with Ciprofloxacin in Protecting Mice and Guinea Pigs against Inhalation Anthrax. Infect. Immun. 74: 1016-1024 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Weiss, S., Kobiler, D., Levy, H., Marcus, H., Pass, A., Rothschild, N., Altboum, Z. (2006). Immunological Correlates for Protection against Intranasal Challenge of Bacillus anthracis Spores Conferred by a Protective Antigen-Based Vaccine in Rabbits. Infect. Immun. 74: 394-398 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Kang, T. J., Fenton, M. J., Weiner, M. A., Hibbs, S., Basu, S., Baillie, L., Cross, A. S. (2005). Murine Macrophages Kill the Vegetative Form of Bacillus anthracis. Infect. Immun. 73: 7495-7501 [Abstract] [Full Text]