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Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews, December 2004, p. 692-744, Vol. 68, No. 4
1092-2172/04/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/MMBR.68.4.692-744.2004
Copyright © 2004, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Type V Protein Secretion Pathway: the Autotransporter Story

Ian R. Henderson,1* Fernando Navarro-Garcia,2 Mickaël Desvaux,1 Rachel C. Fernandez,3 and Dlawer Ala'Aldeen4

Division of Immunity and Infection, University of Birmingham, Birmingham,1 Division of Microbiology & Infectious Diseases, University Hospital, Nottingham, United Kingom,4 Department of Cell Biology, CINVESTAV, Mexico City, Mexico,2 Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada3

Gram-negative bacteria possess an outer membrane layer which constrains uptake and secretion of solutes and polypeptides. To overcome this barrier, bacteria have developed several systems for protein secretion. The type V secretion pathway encompasses the autotransporter proteins, the two-partner secretion system, and the recently described type Vc or AT-2 family of proteins. Since its discovery in the late 1980s, this family of secreted proteins has expanded continuously, due largely to the advent of the genomic age, to become the largest group of secreted proteins in gram-negative bacteria. Several of these proteins play essential roles in the pathogenesis of bacterial infections and have been characterized in detail, demonstrating a diverse array of function including the ability to condense host cell actin and to modulate apoptosis. However, most of the autotransporter proteins remain to be characterized. In light of new discoveries and controversies in this research field, this review considers the autotransporter secretion process in the context of the more general field of bacterial protein translocation and exoprotein function.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Division of Immunity and Infection, The Medical School, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom. Phone: 44 121 414 4368. Fax: 44 121 414 3599. E-mail: I.R.Henderson{at}bham.ac.uk.

Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews, December 2004, p. 692-744, Vol. 68, No. 4
1092-2172/04/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/MMBR.68.4.692-744.2004
Copyright © 2004, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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