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Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews, December 2008, p. 672-685, Vol. 72, No. 4
1092-2172/08/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/MMBR.00015-08
Copyright © 2008, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Mechanisms of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Pathogenesis and Innate Immunomodulation

Matthew Frieman and Ralph Baric*

University of North Carolina, 2107 McGaveran-Greenberg Hall, CB 7435, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599

Summary: The modulation of the immune response is a common practice of many highly pathogenic viruses. The emergence of the highly pathogenic coronavirus severe acute respiratory virus (SARS-CoV) serves as a robust model system to elucidate the virus-host interactions that mediate severe end-stage lung disease in humans and animals. Coronaviruses encode the largest positive-sense RNA genome of ~30 kb, encode a variety of replicase and accessory open reading frames that are structurally unique, and encode novel enzymatic functions among RNA viruses. These viruses have broad or specific host ranges, suggesting the possibility of novel strategies for targeting and regulating host innate immune responses following virus infection. Using SARS-CoV as a model, we review the current literature on the ability of coronaviruses to interact with and modify the host intracellular environment during infection. These studies are revealing a rich set of novel viral proteins that engage, modify, and/or disrupt host cell signaling and nuclear import machinery for the benefit of virus replication.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: University of North Carolina, 210 McGaveran-Greenberg Hall, CB 7435, Chapel Hill, NC 27599. Phone: (919) 966-3895. Fax: (919) 966-0584. E-mail: rbaric{at}email.unc.edu

Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews, December 2008, p. 672-685, Vol. 72, No. 4
1092-2172/08/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/MMBR.00015-08
Copyright © 2008, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



This article has been cited by other articles:

  • Siu, K.-L., Kok, K.-H., Ng, M.-H. J., Poon, V. K. M., Yuen, K.-Y., Zheng, B.-J., Jin, D.-Y. (2009). Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus M Protein Inhibits Type I Interferon Production by Impeding the Formation of TRAF3{middle dot}TANK{middle dot}TBK1/IKK{epsilon} Complex. J. Biol. Chem. 284: 16202-16209 [Abstract] [Full Text]  


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