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Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews, September 2009, p. 529-541, Vol. 73, No. 3
1092-2172/09/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/MMBR.00042-08
Copyright © 2009, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Microbial NAD Metabolism: Lessons from Comparative Genomics

Francesca Gazzaniga,1,2 Rebecca Stebbins,1,2 Sheila Z. Chang,1,2 Mark A. McPeek,2 and Charles Brenner1,3*

Departments of Genetics and Biochemistry and Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Dartmouth Medical School, Lebanon, New Hampshire 03756,1 Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, 03755,2 Department of Biochemistry, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 522423

Summary: NAD is a coenzyme for redox reactions and a substrate of NAD-consuming enzymes, including ADP-ribose transferases, Sir2-related protein lysine deacetylases, and bacterial DNA ligases. Microorganisms that synthesize NAD from as few as one to as many as five of the six identified biosynthetic precursors have been identified. De novo NAD synthesis from aspartate or tryptophan is neither universal nor strictly aerobic. Salvage NAD synthesis from nicotinamide, nicotinic acid, nicotinamide riboside, and nicotinic acid riboside occurs via modules of different genes. Nicotinamide salvage genes nadV and pncA, found in distinct bacteria, appear to have spread throughout the tree of life via horizontal gene transfer. Biochemical, genetic, and genomic analyses have advanced to the point at which the precursors and pathways utilized by a microorganism can be predicted. Challenges remain in dissecting regulation of pathways.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, 51 Newton Rd., Rm. 4-403 BSB, Iowa City, IA 52242. Phone: (319) 335-7934. Fax: (319) 335-9570. E-mail: charles-brenner{at}uiowa.edu

Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews, September 2009, p. 529-541, Vol. 73, No. 3
1092-2172/09/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/MMBR.00042-08
Copyright © 2009, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



This article has been cited by other articles:

  • Bogan, K. L., Evans, C., Belenky, P., Song, P., Burant, C. F., Kennedy, R., Brenner, C. (2009). Identification of Isn1 and Sdt1 as Glucose- and Vitamin-regulated Nicotinamide Mononucleotide and Nicotinic Acid Mononucleotide 5'-Nucleotidases Responsible for Production of Nicotinamide Riboside and Nicotinic Acid Riboside. J. Biol. Chem. 284: 34861-34869 [Abstract] [Full Text]  


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