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TABLE 1. E. coli genes and replication- or phage-related sites^a

Gene symbol Map location (min) Mnemonic for symbol Synonyms and gene product $---$ enzyme, RNA, or phenotype affected CGSC no.^d References^c

aarF 86.6 Aminoglycoside acetyltransferase regulator yigQR; regulator of 2'-N-acetyltransferase; involved in respiratory cofactor ubiquinone production 53879 2696

aas 64.1 Acyl-ACP synthase 2-Acyl-glycerophosphoethanolamine acyltransferase; acyl-ACP synthetase; salvage pathway for reacylation; inner membrane; bifunctional for turnover/incorporation 29780 1831, 1972

aat 20.0 Amino acyl-tRNA-protein transferase Aminoacyl-tRNA-protein-transferase (EC 2.3.2.6) 1054 4045

abpS 63.5 Arg binding protein Low-affinity transport system for arginine and ornithine; periplasmic binding protein 18562 664

abs 94.1 Antibiotic sensitivity Sensitivity and permeability to antibiotics and dyes 18559 763

accA 4.5 Acetyl-CoA carboxylase Acetyl-CoA carboxylase $alpha$ -carboxyltransferase subunit; (EC 6.4.1.2) 29829 2536, 2537

accB 73.4 Acetyl-CoA carboxylase fabE; acetyl-CoA carboxylase, biotin carboxyl carrier protein (EC 6.4.1.2) 796 2537, 2712, 3057, 4302, 4616

accC 73.4 Acetyl-CoA carboxylase fabG; acetyl-CoA carboxylase, biotin carboxylase (BC) subunit (EC 6.4.1.2) 29834 2315, 2537, 3253

accD 52.4 Acetyl-CoA carboxylase dedB, usg; acetyl-CoA carboxylase $beta$ -carboxyltransferase subunit (EC 6.4.1.2) 28570 2534, 2537, 3081

acd 65.1 Acetaldehyde-CoA deHase Acetaldehyde-CoA dehydrogenase (EC 1.2.1.10) 1053 764

aceA 90.8 Acetate icl; isocitrate lyase (EC 4.1.3.1); acetate utilization 1052 2744, 2811, 3674, 754, 841

aceB 90.8 Acetate mas; malate synthase A (EC 4.1.3.2) 1051 2744, 591, 592, 840, 841

aceE 2.7 Acetate aceE1; pyruvate dehydrogenase (decarboxylase component) E1p; (EC 1.2.4.1); acetate requirement 1050 1553, 1555, 1556, 1558, 2934, 4150, 4204, 655

aceF 2.7 Acetate aceE2; pyruvate dehydrogenase (dihydrolipoyltransacetylase component) E2p (EC 1.6.4.3, EC 2.3.1.12); acetate requirement 26530 1554, 2934, 655

aceK 90.9 Acetate Isocitrate dehydrogenase kinase/phosphatase 17770 1343, 1897, 2274, 2418, 2419, 753, 842, 754

ackA 52.0 Acetate kinase Acetate kinase (EC 2.7.2.1); mutants fluoroacetate resistant 1048 1548, 2094, 2512, 2812, 530, 224

ackB 39.9 Acetate kinase Acetate kinase activity* (EC 2.7.2.1) 1047 3379

acnA 28.8 Aconitase Aconitase A (EC 4.2.1.2) 28218 3542, 3543

acnB 2.8 Aconitase Aconitase B (EC 4.2.1.2) 36955 1538, 2141, 474

acpD 31.9 Acyl carrier protein ACP phosphodiesterase 52896 1256, 394

acpP 24.8 Acyl carrier protein ACP (acyl carrier protein) 31871 2183, 3621

acpS 58.2 Acyl carrier protein dpj; holo-ACP synthase (EC 2.7.8.7) 32953 2397, 2400, 2401, 3471, 4340

acpX 43.9 Acyl carrier protein acpS; originally thought to be holo-ACP synthase; perhaps cryptic second gene or regulator 1046 3471

acrA 10.4 Acridine Mb, lir, mbl, mtcA, sipB; AcrAB efflux system effects Mar multiple resistance 1045 1291, 1726, 2684, 2685, 3282, 3563, 4723, 808

acrB 10.4 Acridine acrE; AcrAB system has major role in Mar multiple resistance to NAL, TET, AMP, etc.; beware renamings of acrE, acrB, and envC 35806 1291, 2684, 2685, 3282, 4723

acrC 4.5 Acridine Sensitivity to acriflavine; transmembrane protein 1044 3104

acrD 55.7 Acridine Sensitivity to acriflavine 35697 3188

acrE 73.5 Acridine envC; anomolous cell division; chain formation; splits cross-wall to form new poles; see acrB 813 2133, 2255, 2256, 2516, 3702

acrF 73.6 Acridine envD; encodes lipoprotein with signal peptide; osmotically remedial envelope defect 33608 2255, 2256, 2516, 2684

acrR 10.5 Acridine Regulatory protein for acrA and acrB 35809 2686

acs 92.3 Acetyl-CoA synthetase Acetyl CoA synthetase 2 (EC 6.2.1.1) 34317 2367, 395

ada 49.7 Adaptive (response) O⁶-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase, inducible; DNA repair against methylating and alkylating agents; transcription factor 1043 1184, 2001, 2158, 2410, 2489, 2698, 2760, 2967, 3078, 3094, 3795, 3812, 3815, 3957, 3958, 3959, 4330, 4385

add 36.6 Adenine deaminase Adenosine deaminase (EC 3.5.4.4.); mutants affect growth on deoxyadenosine in purA, B mutants 1042 2024, 765

adhB 19.1 Alcohol dehydrogenase Alcohol dehydrogenase 36932 E, 763a

adhC 8.1 Alcohol dehydrogenase Alcohol-acetaldehyde dehydrogenase; adhC has also been used for adhE control region 52901 2070, 394

adhE 27.9 Alcohol/acetaldehyde dehydrogenase ana; adhC; alcohol dehydrogenase, acetaldehyde dehydrogenase, CoA-linked (EC 1.1.1.1) allyl alcohol resistance; deactivase for PFL 1041 129, 1457, 2203, 2495-2497, 2634, 710, 887, 1582

adhR 72.5 Alcohol/acetaldehyde dehydrogenase Regulatory gene for acd and adhE 18556 723, 767

adiA 93.5 Arginine decarboxylase, induced adi; arginine decarboxylase, inducible by acid; homology with CadA, SpeC, SpeF 34495 1665, 4022, 4023, 4024, 4223, 4224

adiY 93.4 Arginine decarboxylase, induced Sequence similarity with XylS/AraC family, including EnvY and AppY regulates adiA 35597 4224

adk 10.7 Adenylate kinase dnaW, plsA; adenylate kinase (EC 2.7.4.3) pleiotropic effects on glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase activity 1040 1176, 1725, 541

aegA 55.6 Anaerobically expressed gene air; induced by anaerobiosis, repressed by NO₃; control mediated by Fnr, NarX, Q, L; nonessential in respiration, N source utilized 50847 662

aer 69.3 Aerotaxis air; possibly flavoprotein, mediates positive aerotactic responses; signal transducer 47273 347

aes 10.7 Acetyl esterase Esterase affecting maltose system expression 53369 2114, 3393

aga 70.7 Acetylgalactosamine Cluster of putative N-acetylgalactosamine pathway genes, including the kba gene, and mannose permease homologs 55305 3649

agp 23.0 Acid glucose-1-phosphatase Homology with appA; periplasmic 31830 3521, 3524, 3525, 3526

ahpC 13.8 Alkyl hydroperoxide tpx; alkyl hydroperoxide reductase small subunit 31190 4106, 4241, 667, 668

ahpF 13.8 Alkyl hydroperoxide Alkyl hydroperoxide reductase large subunit 31194 4106, 4241, 668

aidB 95.1 Alkylating agent induced Adaptive response 18553 2408, 2409, 4602, 4603

ais 50.9 Aluminum inducible An aluminum-inducible protein 53490 1589

alaS 60.7 Alanine act, ala-act, lovB; alanyl-tRNA synthetase 1B (ligase) (EC 6.1.1.7) 1039 2132, 2317, 3556, 3557, 3558, 458, 4590

alaT 87.0 Alanine talA; alanine tRNA 1B; rrnA operon 1038 2313, 926

alaU 73.8 Alanine talD; alanine tRNA 1B; rrnD operon 1037 2313

alaV 4.8 Alanine Alanine tRNA 1B; rrnH operon 1036 1146

alaW 54.2 Alanine alaW $alpha$ ; alanine tRNA 2; tandemly duplicated; see alaX 32851 539

alaX 54.2 Alanine alaW $beta$ ; alanine tRNA 2; tandemly duplicated alaW 18547 2313, 539

aldA 32.0 Aldehyde dehydrogenase ald; aldehyde dehydrogenase, NAD linked 17767 1749, 3571, 712

aldB 80.9 Aldehyde dehydrogenase Aldehyde dehydrogenase 35668 4813, 4815

aldH 29.3 Aldehyde dehydrogenase Putative aldehyde dehydrogenase, by homology; transcribed in operon with goaG 35320 1697, 2066

alkA 46.2 Alkylation aidA; 3-methyl-adenine DNA glycosylase II, inducible; repairs by single- and double-strand excision of 3-methyl adenine 1035 1184, 3093, 3095, 365, 4385, 4602, 773

alkB 49.7 Alkylation aidD; DNA repair specific for alkylated DNA; mutants extremely sensitive to MMS 18544 2157, 2158, 2316, 4602, 4689, 693

alpA 59.4 Activation of Lon protease Alp protease; cryptic prophage CP4-57 element; regulates intA (slp [suppressor of Lon]) 33086 2241, 4455

alr 91.9 Alanine racemase Alanine racemase (EC 5.1.1.1) 1034 2549, 395

alsA 92.8 Allose Allose transport ABC protein 53362 2223

alsB 92.9 Allose Allose-binding protein 53365 2223

alsC 92.8 Allose Allose transport, membrane component 53357 2223

alsE 92.8 Allose Allulose-6-P 3-epimerase 53353 2223

alsK 92.8 Allose Allose kinase 53345 2223

alx 70.0 Alkaline-induced expression pH-regulated locus; induced in alkaline medium 36513 356

amiA 55.0 Amidase N-Acetylmuramyl-L-alanine amidase activity 18541 4425

amiB 94.7 Amidase Cell wall amidase (EC 3.5.1.28?); overexpression causes lysis, osmotic hypersensitivity, autolysis 34432 4489, 4490

amn 44.3 AMP nucleosidase AMP nucleosidase (EC 3.2.2.4) 17764 2503, 2504

ampC 94.3 Ampicillin ampA; $beta$ -lactamase; penicillin resistance; affects peptidoglycan synthesis; cell morphology 1033 1116, 1117, 1167, 1540, 1541, 1713, 1993-1995, 3213, 796

ampD 2.6 Ampicillin ampC regulation 30478 1794, 2561

ampE 2.6 Ampicillin Ampicillin resistance; membrane protein 30481 1794, 2561

ampG 9.7 Ampicillin Ampicillin resistance; membrane protein 31027 2560

ampH 8.5 Ampicillin Probable role in peptidoglycan, cell wall synthesis; cell morphology 51873 1713

amtB 10.2 Ammonia transport Putative ammonia transporter 47403 4557

amyA 43.2 Amylase $alpha$ -amylase, cytoplasmic 30745 3581, 3582

ansA 39.9 Asparaginase L-Asparaginase I; (EC 3.5.1.1) 1030 1005, 4167

ansB 66.8 Asparaginase L-Asparaginase II; (EC 3.5.1.1) 30045 427, 2008

apaG 1.1 ad-P-ad Expressed as part of complex ksgA operon 30310 3683, 380

apaH 1.1 ad-P-ad Diadenosine tetraphosphatase; stress response; complex operon 17761 1205, 2034, 2509, 2861, 3683, 380

aphA 92.0 Acid phosphatase Acid phosphatase/phosphotransferase, class B 45401 4390

appA 22.4 Acid (poly)phosphatase Acid phosphatase, pH 2.5, exopolyphosphatase (EC 3.1.3.2, 3.6.1.11); agp homology; phytase P2 17758 1514, 432, 945, 946, 4446

appB 22.4 Acid (poly)phosphatase cyxB; cytochrome oxidase, putative additional one 31813 161, 947

appC 22.4 Acid (poly)phosphatase cyxA; cytochrome oxidase, putative additional one 31810 161, 947

appY 12.6 Acid (poly)phosphatase Regulates hya and appA operons; induced by PO₄ starvation and stationary phase 31146 160, 161, 162, 1786, 2195, 516

apt 10.6 ad-P transferase Adenine phosphoribosyltransferase (EC 2.4.2.7); adenine salvage, AMP from PRPP + Ad 1029 1733, 1734, 577

aqpZ 19.7 Aquaporin Aquaporin Z, bacterial water channel 40930 607, 608

araA 1.4 Arabinose L-Arabinose isomerase (EC 5.3.1.4) 1028 2469

araB 1.5 Arabinose Ribulokinase (EC 2.7.1.16) 1027 1102, 2169, 2469, 2470, 2970, 3247, 4110

araC 1.5 Arabinose Regulatory gene: activator and repressor 1026 1102, 1158, 2169, 2300, 2470, 2971, 3247, 4018, 4110, 4237, 4642, 643, 651

araD 1.4 Arabinose L-Ribulosephosphate 4-epimerase (EC 5.1.3.4) 1025 2469, 2949

araE 64.2 Arabinose Low-affinity L-arabinose transport; L-arabinose proton symport 1024 2299, 2300, 2708, 2724, 4238

araF 42.7 Arabinose L-Arabinose-binding protein 1023 2299, 2300, 2328, 3953, 3954, 758

araG 42.7 Arabinose High-affinity L-arabinose transport 1022 2299, 2300, 2328, 3953

araH 42.7 Arabinose High-affinity L-arabinose transport, membrane protein 18535 3953

araJ 8.8 Arabinose Function unknown, arabinose inducible, not affecting Ara transport or utilization 29861 1716, 3636

arcA 100.0 Aerobic pathways control dye, fexA, msp, seg, sfrA; negative regulatory gene for aerobic path genes, anaerobic repression; activates cydAB 831 1089, 1955, 333, 4069, 587, 588, 689

arcB 72.2 Aerobic pathways control Activates ArcA in response to anoxia; probable histidine kinase phosphorylating ArcA 29063 1953, 1956, 1958, 3886, 689

argA 63.5 Arginine Arg1, Arg2, argB; N-acetylglutamate synthase (EC 2.3.1.1); growth on acetylornithine; see argE 1021 1107, 3152, 3870, 528, 862

argB 89.5 Arginine Acetylglutamate kinase (EC 2.7.2.8); see argA 1020 255, 3000, 3374, 862, 863

argC 89.5 Arginine Arg2, argH; N-acetyl- $gamma$ -glutamyl-phosphate reductase (EC 1.2.1.38) 1019 255, 3000, 311, 3374, 3433, 862, 863

argD 75.2 Arginine Arg1, argG; acetylornithine aminotransferase (EC 2.6.1.11); see argF 1018 2191, 315, 3676, 862

argE 89.5 Arginine Arg4, argA; acetylornithine deacetylase (EC 3.5.1.16); see argG 1017 2187, 255, 3000, 311, 3433, 863

argF 6.2 Arginine Arg5, argD; ornithine transcarbamylase (EC 2.1.3.3); see duplicate locus, argI 1016 1597, 1838, 2015, 2476, 2997, 2998, 3434, 4561, 4892, 863, 1717

argG 71.5 Arginine Arg6, argE; argininosuccinate synthetase (EC 6.3.4.5); see argD 1015 4560, 1717

argH 89.5 Arginine Argininosuccinate lyase (EC 4.3.2.1); see argC 1014 255, 3000, 863, 1717

argI 96.5 Arginine Ornithine transcarbamylase (EC 2.1.3.3); see argF 1013 295, 3434, 3729

argM 88.7 Arginine Acetylornithine transaminase; cryptic gene; may be duplicate of argD 18532 3676

argP 65.9 Arginine iciA (inhibitor of chromosome initiation); transport of arginine, ornithine, and lysine; canavanine sensitivity 1012 1614, 1871, 1873, 1874, 2474, 2691, 3427, 3733, 665, 4405

argQ 60.7 Arginine Rarg; arginine tRNA₂ tandem quadruple genes 2313 35604

argR 72.9 Arginine xerA; repressor of Arg regulon; cer-mediated site-specific recombination 1011 1114, 2187, 2481, 254, 2552, 2690, 315, 3399, 3427, 4225

argS 42.2 Arginine lov; arginyl-tRNA synthetase (EC 6.1.1.19); 1010 1164, 1772, 3147, 4590

argT 52.3 Arginine Salmonella homolog codes for Lys-, Arg-, and Orn-binding proteins 18529 3211

argU 12.1 Arginine dnaY, pin; arginine tRNA₄ 17755 1285, 1360, 1415, 2313, 2563, 3888, 4140, 505, 696

argV 60.7 Arginine argV $alpha$ ; arginine tRNA₂ tandem quadruple genes 2313 11650

argW 53.1 Arginine Arginine tRNA₅ 17752 2313

argX 85.8 Arginine Arginine tRNA₃ 17749 1832, 2313, 926

argY 60.7 Arginine argV $beta$ ; arginine tRNA₂ tandem quadruple genes 2313 35610

argZ 60.7 Arginine argV $gamma$ ; arginine tRNA₂ tandem quadruple genes 2313 35607

aroA 20.7 Aromatic 3-Enolpyruvylshikimate-5-phosphate synthetase (EC 2.5.1.19) 1008 1098, 1099

aroB 75.8 Aromatic 3-Dehydroquinate synthase (EC 4.6.1.3) 1007 2937

aroC 52.7 Aromatic Chorismate synthase (EC 4.6.1.4) 1006 683

aroD 38.2 Aromatic 3-Dehydroquinate dehydratase (EC 4.2.1.10) 1005 2240, 433

aroE 73.9 Aromatic Dehydroshikimate reductase (EC 1.1.1.25) 1004 116, 2865

aroF 59.0 Aromatic DAHP synthetase (tyrosine repressible) (EC 4.1.2.15) 1003 1371, 1847, 4047

aroG 16.9 Aromatic DAHP synthetase (phenylalanine repressible) (EC 4.1.2.15); TyrR regulon 1002 1189, 1704, 1903, 2819, 958, 959

aroH 38.5 Aromatic DAHP synthetase (tryptophan repressible) (EC 4.1.2.15) 1001 1100, 1848, 3030, 433, 4968, 958

aroI 84.2 Aromatic Function unknown 1000 1422

aroK 75.8 Aromatic Shikimate kinase I 30224 1516, 2604, 2605, 4586, 4719

aroL 8.7 Aromatic Shikimate kinase II (EC 2.7.1.71) 999 2436, 2936, 4719, 998, 999

aroM 8.8 Aromatic Function unknown; regulated by aroR 18523 998, 999

aroP 2.6 Aromatic General aromatic amino acid transport; TyrR regulon 998 1553, 1556, 1558, 1657, 2131, 2415, 2416, 3689, 529, 755, 756, 83, 1795

aroT 28.3 Aromatic trpR; aroR; indole acrylic acid resistant mutants; transport 997 4410

arsB 78.6 Arsenate resistance arsF; resistance to arsenate, arsenite, and antimonite 35996 1055, 4128, 600, 637

arsC 78.6 Arsenate resistance arsG; resistance to arsenate, arsenite, and antimonite 35999 1055, 4128, 600, 637

arsR 78.6 Arsenate resistance arsE; resistance to arsenate, arsenite, and antimonite 35993 1055, 4128, 4812, 600, 637

artI 19.4 Arginine transport Periplasmic binding protein of Arg transport system 31674 4759, 4760

artJ 19.4 Arginine transport Periplasmic binding protein of Arg transport system 31664 4759

artM 19.4 Arginine transport Arg periplasmic transport system; similarity to transmembrane proteins, BPC ATPases 31667 4759, 4760

artP 19.4 Arginine transport Arg periplasmic transport system; similarity to transmembrane proteins, BPC ATPases 31677 4759, 4760

artQ 19.4 Arginine transport Arg periplasmic transport system; similarity to transmembrane proteins, BPC ATPases 31670 4759, 4760

ascB 61.2 Arbutin, salicin, cellobiose sac; cryptic; paralogous to cryptic bglFB; expressed when AscG is mutated 33236 1606, 3365

ascF 61.2 Arbutin, salicin, cellobiose sac; cryptic; paralogous to cryptic bglFB; expressed when AscG is mutated 33233 1606, 3365

ascG 61.1 Arbutin, salicin, cellobiose Repressor of cryptic asc operon; galR paralog 33230 1606

asd 77.0 Aspartate semialdehyde deHase dap, hom; aspartate semialdehyde dehydrogenase (EC 1.2.1.11) 996 1679, 1680, 3281, 3940

aslA 85.8 Arylsulfatase-like gppB; suppresses gpp mutants 33957 3069

aslB 85.8 Arylsulfatase-like gppB; suppresses gpp mutants 33960 3069

asmA 46.1 Assembly suppressor mutant Membrane protein; suppressor of ompF assembly mutants 41068 1021; 2957, 4811

asnA 84.6 Asparagine Asparagine synthetase A (EC 6.3.1.1) 995 1769, 1861, 2295, 3111, 4610, 4621, 556

asnB 15.0 Asparagine Asparagine synthetase B (EC 6.3.1.1) 994 1861, 3454, 3952

asnC 84.6 Asparagine Regulatory gene for asnA, asnC, gidA 18520 1033, 2294, 556, 729

asnS 21.3 Asparagine lcs, tss; asparaginyl-tRNA synthetase (EC 6.1.1.22) 993 1917, 4433

asnT 44.0 Asparagine Asparagine tRNA 992 1285, 2313, 3324

asnU 44.4 Asparagine Asparagine tRNA 17746 2313

asnV 44.4 Asparagine Asparagine tRNA 17743 2313

asnW 44.3 Asparagine Asparagine tRNA 51238 2313

aspA 94.1 Aspartate Aspartate ammonia-lyase (aspartase) (EC 4.3.1.1) 991 1557, 4327

aspC 21.2 Aspartate Aspartate aminotransferase (EC 2.6.1.1) 990 1283, 2317, 2373, 2740

aspS 42.0 Aspartate tls; aspartyl-tRNA synthetase 32508 1165, 1351, 4000

aspT 85.0 Aspartate tasC; aspartate tRNA₁ triplicated gene 989 2313, 2777, 4904, 926

aspU 4.8 Aspartate Aspartate tRNA₁ triplicated gene, in rrnH operon 988 1146, 2313, 2777

aspV 5.1 Aspartate Aspartate tRNA₁ triplicated gene 987 1806, 2313, 2777, 3324

asr 35.9 Acid shock RNA Acid shock RNA; expression controlled by phoBR 53672 1986

asu^e 33.3 Asparagine utilization Utilizes asparagine as sole nitrogen source 18517 723

atoA 50.1 Acetoacetate Acetate CoA-transferase (EC 2.8.3.-) 986 2321

atoB 50.1 Acetoacetate Acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.9) 985 2005

atoC 50.0 Acetoacetate Az; positive regulator in two-component system, with AtoS sensor kinase 984 395a, 1949a, 3985a, 2005, 2006, 3382, 3817, 629

atoD 50.0 Acetoacetate Acetyl-CoA:acetoacetyl-CoA transferase $beta$ -subunit 18514 2005

atoS 50.0 Acetoacetate AtoS sensor kinase, with AtoC response regulator in 2-component system 37061 395a, 1949a, 3985a

atpA 84.4 ATP papA, uncA; membrane-bound ATP synthase, F₁ sector, $alpha$ -subunit (EC 3.6.1.3) 33 1390, 1570, 2275, 4187, 4635

atpB 84.5 ATP papD, uncB; membrane-bound ATP synthase, F₀ sector, subunit a (EC 3.6.1.3) 32 1570, 1830, 2993, 3180, 3860, 4609, 4635

atpC 84.3 ATP papG, uncC; membrane-bound ATP synthase, F₁ sector, $varepsilon$ -subunit (EC 3.6.1.3) 31 1570, 4635, 4809, 4810

atpD 84.4 ATP papB, uncD; membrane-bound ATP synthase, F₁ sector, $beta$ -subunit (EC 3.6.1.3) 30 1570, 3296, 4635

atpE 84.5 ATP papH, uncE; membrane-bound ATP synthase, F₀ sector, subunit c; DCCD (EC 3.6.1.3) 29 1570, 1992, 2836, 2993, 3860, 3900, 4635

atpF 84.5 ATP papF, uncF; membrane-bound ATP synthase, F₀ sector, subunit b (EC 3.6.1.3) 28 1570, 2993, 4635

atpG 84.4 ATP papC, uncG; membrane-bound ATP synthase, F₁ sector, $gamma$ -subunit (EC 3.6.1.3) 27 1570, 2275, 2692, 3860, 4635

atpH 84.4 ATP papE, uncH; membrane-bound ATP synthase, F₁ sector, $delta$ -subunit (EC 3.6.1.3) 26 1570, 2994, 3380, 4635

atpI 84.5 ATP uncI; membrane-bound ATP synthase subunit, F₁-F₀-type proton-ATPase (EC 3.6.1.34) 18511 1830, 2040, 2156, 3180, 3491, 4609, 4635, 544, 3923

att186 59.3 Attachment Integration site for phage HK186 972 D

att253 6.1 Attachment Integration site for phage HK253 18508 3484

attHK139 44.8 Attachment Attachment site for phage HK139 981 1035

attHK022 22.7 Attachment atthtt; lambdoid prophage HK022 attachment site 982 1034, 2301

att $lambda$ 17.3 Attachment att92, att434; lambda attachment site 980 1470, 18, 1035, 1836, 2940

attP1,P7 68.7 Attachment loxB; attachment site for phage P1 and P7 979 4205, 722

attP22 5.6 Attachment ata; phage P22 attachment site, within thrW gene 975 2562

attP2H 44.7 Attachment Integration site H for phage P2 978 241a, 4291, D

attP2II 87.1 Attachment Integration site II for phage P2 977 241a, 37, D

attP2III 83.5 Attachment Integration site III for phage P2 32179 241a

attP4 96.9 Attachment Integration site for phage P4 976 611, 3431

attPA-2 53.1 Attachment Integration site for phage PA-2 974 C

att $phi$ 80 28.2 Attachment Integration site for phage phi80 973 3794a

attTn7 84.3 Attachment Specific site for Tn7 insertion 37363 1520, 2852

avtA 80.6 Alanine-isoketovalerate transaminase Alanine- $alpha$ -ketoisovalerate transaminase, transaminase C 971 1196, 2585, 4656, 4718

azaA 44.6 Azaserine Mutants azaserine resistant 970 4744

azaB 71.9 Azaserine Mutants azaserine resistant 969 4744

azl 58.1 Azaleucine Mutants azaleucine resistant; regulates ilv and leu 967 3452

bacA 69.0 Bacitracin resistance A lipid kinase; may confer resistance by phosphorylation of undecaprenol 29739 606

baeR 46.6 Bacterial adaptive envZ regulator Suppresses envZ and phoR/creC mutations 30764 3083

baeS 46.6 Bacterial adaptive envZ regulator Suppresses envZ and phoR/creC mutations 30761 3083

barA 62.8 Bacterial adaptive response Has sensory kinase and response regulator domains like OmpR and EnvZ 33320 1924, 3084

basR 93.4 Bacterial adaptive sensor BasRS two-component regulatory system homologous with OmpR-EnvZ family 28168 3083, 3716

basS 93.3 Bacterial adaptive sensor BasRS two-component regulatory system homologous with OmpR-EnvZ family 28171 3083

bax 80.5 Gene transcribed divergently from malS 54736 3922

bcp 56.0 Bacterioferritin comigratory protein Probable bacterioferritin 33035 112

bcr 49.1 Bicyclomycin resistance bicA, bicR, sur, suxA; transmembrane; affects sulfathiazole-sulfonamide resistance 32582 309

betA 7.0 Betaine Choline dehydrogenase 17740 104, 2399, 4257, 470

betB 7.0 Betaine Betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase (EC 1.2.1.8) 17737 104, 2399, 470

betI 7.1 Betaine Regulatory gene, perhaps repressor for choline regulation of bet genes 30692 2399

betT 7.1 Betaine High-affinity choline transport 18505 104, 2399

bfd 74.7 Bfr regulating Regulatory or redox component complexing with Bfr in iron storage and mobility [2Fe-2S] 43017 1369

bfm 85.9 BF23 multiplication Controls phage BF23 multiplication 966 A, 4041a

bfr 74.7 Bacterioferritin Bacterioferritin 32528 111

bglA 65.6 $beta$ -Glucoside bglD; phospho- $beta$ -glucosidase A; growth on arbutin or salicin when activated 965 2076, 3239

bglB 84.1 $beta$ -Glucoside blgA; phospho- $beta$ -glucosidase B; growth on arbutin or salicin when activated 964 2718, 3528, 3658, 3924, 3925, 4611

bglF 84.1 $beta$ -Glucoside bglC, bglB; BglG kinase; transport 18502 2718, 3924, 476, 704

bglG 84.1 $beta$ -Glucoside bglC, bglS; positive regulatory gene, RNA-binding protein; regulated by phosphorylation 963 1818, 2718, 3658, 3659, 3924, 3825, 4077, 4506

bglJ 99.2 $beta$ -Glucoside Mutation bglJ4 activates silent bgl operon, allowing arbutin and salicin transport and utilization 45483 1424, 4506

bglT 84.9 $beta$ -Glucoside bglE; regulatory gene for BglA 961 3890

bglX 47.8 $beta$ -Glucoside Periplasmic $beta$ -glucosidase (EC 3.2.1.21) 4858

bioA 17.4 Biotin Diaminopelargonic acid synthetase 959 18, 232, 2331, 235, 3312, 4246, 4319

bioB 17.4 Biotin Biotin synthetase; dethiobiotin to biotin pathway 958 18, 232, 2331, 235, 3312, 4246, 4319

bioC 17.5 Biotin Blocked prior to pimeloyl CoA formation 957 18, 2488, 4246, 4319

bioD 17.5 Biotin Dethiobiotin synthetase 956 18, 2488, 4246, 4319, 4852

bioF 17.5 Biotin 7-Keto-8-aminopelargonic acid synthetase 955 18, 2488, 4246, 4319

bioH 76.3 Biotin bioB; blocked prior to pimeloyl CoA formation 954 232, 2488, 3303, 3940

bioP 86.6 Biotin bir, birB; biotin transport 953 1298, 624

bipA 87.4 BPI-induced protein yihK; in EPEC strains, it mediates interactions with epithelial cells; tyrosine-phosphorylated GTPase 37329 1206

birA 89.9 Biotin retention bioR, dhbB; biotin-[acetyl-CoA carboxylase] holoenzyme synthetase, and repressor 952 1825, 232-234, 2743, 3337, 4817, 624

bisC 80.0 Biotin sulfoxide Biotin sulfoxide reductase, structural gene 951 1003, 3430

bisZ 42.1 Biotin sulfoxide Responsible for background activity of biotin sulfoxide reductase in bisC mutants 50496 1004

blc 94.3 Bacterial lipocalin Membrane protein, first prokaryotic lipocalin; cell division and growth, rpoS regulon; shares translation termination codons with sugE 40887 361

bolA 9.8 Bolus Morphogene; overexpression produces osmotically stable spherical cells; FtsZ dependent 31032 2413, 55-57

brnQ 9.0 Branched chain hrbA; mutants valine and o-methylthreonine resistant, glycylvaline sensitive; transport system I for Ile, Leu, and Val 950 1542, 1543

brnR 8.5 Branched chain Mutants valine resistant, glycylvaline sensitive 949 1542

brnS 1.2 Branched chain Mutants valine resistant, glycylvaline sensitive 948 1542

brnT 65.2 Branched chain Low-affinity transport of Ile 947 1876a

btuB 89.7 B12 uptake bfe, cer; receptor for vitamin B₁₂, E colicins, and phage BF23; also C1 phage absorption 946 1545, 1546, 166, 167, 1705, 1850, 2082, 2430, 2546, 3000, 585

btuC 38.6 B12 uptake Vitamin B₁₂ transport 945 1029, 1031, 1315

btuD 38.6 B12 uptake B₁₂ transport, membrane associated 18499 1029, 1031, 1315

btuE 38.6 B12 uptake Not required for vitamin B₁₂ transport, perhaps periplasmic protein 18496 1029, 1315, 3679

btuR 28.6 B12 uptake Regulatory gene affecting btuB 18493 2667

bymA 93.2 Bypass maltose Growth on maltose in MalT cells 944 1781

cadA 93.9 Cadaverine Lysine decarboxylase (EC 4.1.1.18) 943 168, 169, 2886, 2887, 3144, 4022, 4325, 4680

cadB 93.9 Cadaverine Arginine/ornithine antiporter, probably 34228 2886, 3144, 4680

cadC 93.9 Cadaverine Regulatory gene 34231 2887, 3144, 4680

cafA 73.2 Cytoplasmic axial filaments Cell division and growth, overexpression forms minicells and chains with long axial structures 31358 3278

caiA 0.8 Carnitine inducible Carnitine metabolism, oxidoreductase 36825 1134, 550

caiB 0.8 Carnitine inducible Carnitine dehydratase 36800 1135, 550

caiC 0.8 Carnitine inducible Crotonobetain/carnitine-CoA ligase 36828 1134, 550

caiD 0.8 Carnitine inducible Putative enoyl hydratase/isomerase with carnitine racemase activity 36831 1134, 550

caiE 0.8 Carnitine inducible Stimulates carnitine racemase activity of CaiD and CaiB activity 36834 1134, 550

caiF 0.7 Carnitine inducible Regulatory gene; transcriptional activation of cai operon 42995 1133, 550

caiT 0.9 Carnitine inducible Putative carnitine/betaine transport 36822 1134, 550

calA 95.0 Calcium Calcium-proton antiport activity 941 4417, 499

calC 15.2 Calcium Calcium transport; mutants defective in chemotaxis 940 4417, 499

calD 9.4 Calcium Calcium transport; mutants defective in chemotaxis 939 4417, 499

can 66.0 Canavanine Resistance to canavanine 938 A, 2691a

carA 0.6 Carbamoyl P arg+ura, cap, pyrA; carbamoylphosphate synthase (glutamine-hydrolysing) light subunit (EC 6.3.5.5) 936 1427, 3432, 465, 861

carB 0.7 Carbamoyl P arg+ura, cap, pyrA; carbamoylphosphate synthase (ammonia), heavy subunit (EC 6.3.4.16) 935 1427, 3234, 861

cbl 44.4 cysB-like cys regulon member; perhaps an accessory regulatory circuit within the cys regulon 50175 1964, 4550

cbpA 22.9 Curved-DNA binding protein Recognizes a curved DNA sequence; sequence similarity to DnaJ 31822 4505

cbt 16.6 Colicin B (and D) tolerance Dicarboxylate binding protein production; ColB and ColD tolerance 934 334

cca 69.0 CCA tRNA terminus tRNA nucleotidyl transferase 933 880

ccmA 49.5 Cytochrome c maturation ABC transporter, ATPase subunit 36574 1537, 4406, 4411, 739, 740

ccmB 49.5 Cytochrome c maturation ABC transporter, ATPase subunit 36577 1537, 4406, 4411, 739, 740

ccmC 49.4 Cytochrome c maturation ABC transporter, heme binding 36581 1537, 4406, 4411, 739, 740

ccmD 49.4 Cytochrome c maturation Cytochrome c related 36584 1537, 4406, 739, 740

ccmE 49.4 Cytochrome c maturation Cytochrome c related 36587 1537, 4406, 739, 740

ccmF 49.4 Cytochrome c maturation Required for synthesis of c-type cytochromes; similarity with NrfE 36590 1536, 1537, 4406, 4411, 739, 740

ccmG 49.4 Cytochrome c maturation dsbE; thioredoxin homolog; thiol-disulfide interchange protein 36594 1192, 1537, 4406, 4411, 739, 740

ccmH 49.3 Cytochrome c maturation Required for synthesis of c-type cytochromes; similarity with NrfF and NrfG 36597 1536, 1537, 4406, 739, 740

cdd 48.1 Deoxycytidine deaminase Deoxycytidine deaminase (EC 3.5.4.5); mutants 5-fluorodeoxycytidine resistant 932 1075, 2057, 2058, 2925, 3241, 429, 4325, 4851

cde 14.2 Control of dam expression Affects growth rate control of dam expression; near or within lipB 37102 3616

cdh 88.5 CDP diglyceride hydrolase CDP-diglyceride hydrolase 931 1710, 1884, 51, 559, 560

cdsA 4.2 CDP diglyceride synthase CDP-diglyceride synthase 930 1356, 1886

cdsS 71.7 CDP diglyceride synthase Stability of CDP diglyceride synthase 18490 1355

cedA 39.1 Cell division Modulates cell division, affects inhibition after overreplication of chromosome in dnaAcos mutants 55374 2161

celA 39.2 Cellobiose chbB; member of cryptic cel operon 34873 2205, 3366

celB 39.2 Cellobiose chbC; phosphotransferase system enzyme IIcel, PEP dependent; cryptic operon; cellobiose, arbutin, and salicin transport 18487 2205, 2340, 2341, 3366, 3647

celC 39.2 Cellobiose chbA; phosphotransferase system enzyme IIIcel, PEP dependent; cryptic operon; cellobiose, arbutin, and salicin transport 18484 2205, 2340, 2341, 3366, 3547

celD 39.2 Cellobiose chbR; Cel regulatory protein 18481 2205, 2340, 2341, 3366

celF 39.1 Cellobiose chbF; phospho- $beta$ -glucosidase B; cryptic operon 17734 2205, 2340, 2341, 3366

cfa 37.5 Cyclopropane fatty acid cdfA; cyclopropane fatty acid synthase 10810 1527, 1528, 1529, 4649

cfcA 79.9 Control frequency of cell division Controls cell division frequency per round of DNA replication 36615 3194

chaA 27.4 Ca²⁺/H⁺ antiporter Ca²⁺/H⁺ antiporter 30293 1961, 3271, 3330

chaB 27.4 Ca²⁺/H⁺ antiporter Accessory and regulatory protein for chaA 37193 4792a

chaC 27.4 Ca²⁺/H⁺ antiporter Accessory and regulatory protein for chaA 37196 4792a

cheA 42.5 Chemotaxis Autophosphorylating histidine kinase of chemotactic response; clockwise and counterclockwise signals; Fla regulon 928 2285, 2679, 3757, 3830, 4064, 4101, 4119, 4363, 4652, 84

cheB 42.4 Chemotaxis Protein methylesterase; flagellar regulon member 927 2349, 3076, 4101, 4214, 468, 923

cheR 42.4 Chemotaxis cheX; protein methyltransferase (in chemotactic response); flagellar regulon 926 2951, 3076, 4101, 468

cheW 42.5 Chemotaxis Signal transduction; couples CheA to chemoreceptor control by promoting CheW/CheA/Tsr; flagellar regulon 925 3076, 3757, 4064, 4101

cheY 42.4 Chemotaxis Response regulator CheY for chemotactic signal transduction; flagellar regulon member 924 2679, 2809, 3076, 3757, 3857, 4046, 4101, 468, 776

cheZ 42.3 Chemotaxis Chemotactic signal transduction; flagellar regulon member 923 3076, 3856, 3857, 4101, 468

chpA 62.7 Chromosomal homolog of pem chpAK, mazF; ChpAB growth inhibitor, homology to R100 pemK gene, programmed cell death? toxic protein 33287 2794, 35

chpB 95.8 Chromosomal homolog of pem chpBK, yjfB; ChpAB growth inhibitor, homology to pemK 33290 2793, 2794

chpR 62.7 Chromosomal homolog of pem chpAI, mazE; homology to R100 pemI, which suppresses pemK; suppresses ChpA inhibition 33283 2794, 35

chpS 95.8 Chromosomal homolog of pem chpBI, yjfA; homology to pemI; supresses ChpB 33293 2793, 2794

cirA 48.3 Colicin I resistance/receptor feuA; colicin I receptor production 916 1518, 2925, 428, 4783

citA 17.9 Citrate Cryptic gene for citrate transport system 18469 1604

citB 16.0 Citrate Cryptic gene for citrate transport system 18466 1604

cld 45.2 Chain length determination rol; regulator of lipopolysaccharide O-chain length; gene studied in Salmonella and non-K-12 strains 56819 1061a, 1293a

clpA 19.9 Caseinolytic protease Clp ATP-dependent protease, ATP-binding subunit 31293 1472, 3972, 3973, 3990

clpB 58.8 Caseinolytic protease ClpB protease, ATP dependent (EC 1.17.4.-, 3.4.21.-) 32875 1327, 2244, 3359, 3478, 4178, 4772

clpP 9.8 Caseinolytic protease F21.5, LopP; ClpP ATP-dependent protease proteolytic subunit 31280 2344, 2822, 2824, 3973, 4765

clpX 9.8 Caseinolytic protease LopC; ClpX protease, which activates ClpP 31287 1297, 1473, 2505, 4765, 4891

cls 28.1 Cardiolipin synthase nov; cardiolipin synthase; mutants dihydroxybutylphosphonate resistant; novobiocin sensitivity 915 1690, 1765, 1766, 1876, 1960, 3193, 3267, 3600, 4462, 4463

cmk 20.7 CMP kinase mssA; multicopy suppressor; CMP kinase 31736 1308, 4843

cmlA 19.0 Chloramphenicol Probably same as cmr; resistance or sensitivity to chloramphenicol, also tetracycline resistance 914 187, 3637, 4043

cmr 19.0 Chloramphenicol resistance cmlA?, mdfA; transmembrane multidrug/chloramphenicol efflux transporter 55066 1115, 3189, 3637

cmtA 66.3 Cryptic mannitol Similar to mannitol phosphotransferase enzymes 33362 4163

cmtB 66.3 Cryptic mannitol tolM; protein-N $pi$ -phosphohistidine sugar P-transferase; enzyme III of PEP-PTS cryptic mannitol transport 33365 4163

coaA 89.9 CoA panK, rts; pantothenate kinase 17731 1259, 4134, 4135, 4538

cobS 44.5 Cobalamin, coenzyme B12 Partial cobalamin biosynthesis pathway present in E. coli 40912 2439

cobT 44.4 Cobalamin, coenzyme B12 Partial cobalamin biosynthesis pathway present in E. coli 40908 2439

cobU 44.5 Cobalamin, coenzyme B12 Partial cobalamin biosynthesis pathway present in E. coli 40916 2439

codA 7.7 Cytosine deaminase Cytosine deaminase (EC 3.5.4.1) 913 23, 4562, 927, 95

codB 7.6 Cytosine deaminase Cytosine transport 912 23, 927, 95

cof 10.1 Complementation of fur Complements deletion mutant for growth on succinate 53227 1640

cog 29.1 Control of ompG Probable repressor of ompG 37297 2956

corA 86.2 Cobalt resistance Mg²⁺ transport system; mutants resistant to Co²⁺, Mn²⁺, and Ni²⁺, insensitive to Ca²⁺ 911 2750, 3242, 3243, 3353, 4120, 4683, 58, 926

CP4-57 59.4 Cryptic prophage Cryptic prophage; see intA and alpA 33089 2241, 3653

cpdA 68.4 Cyclic nucleotide P-diesterase icc; affects cAMP requirement during growth on maltose; 3',5' cAMP phosphodiesterase 37437 1907

cpdB 95.5 Cyclic nucleotide P-diesterase 2',3'-Cyclic nucleotide 2'-phosphodiesterase (EC 3.1.4.16) 909 1996, 2580, 259

cpsA 45.4 Capsular polysaccharide synthesis Colanic acid (CPS) biosynthesis 18463 4460

cpsB 45.7 Capsular polysaccharide synthesis Colanic acid (CPS) biosynthesis; mannose 1-P guanyltransferase 18460 4460

cpsC 45.8 Capsular polysaccharide synthesis Colanic acid (CPS) biosynthesis 18457 4460

cpsD 45.8 Capsular polysaccharide synthesis Colanic acid (CPS) biosynthesis 18454 4460

cpsE 45.8 Capsular polysaccharide synthesis Colanic acid (CPS) biosynthesis 51241 4460

cpsF 90.2 Capsular polysaccharide synthesis Colanic acid (CPS) biosynthesis 18448 4460

cpsG 45.7 Capsular polysaccharide synthesis Phosphomannomutase isozyme; colanic acid biosynthesis 37429 1999

cpxA 88.4 Conjugative plasmid expression ecfB, eup, ssd; membrane sensor in two-component cpxAR signal transduction system; Kan^r, phage Q resistant; L-serine growth 908 1952, 2844, 2845, 3011, 3166, 3448, 3595, 3596, 4066-4068, 4408, 4684, 50, 52, 843

cpxB 41.3 Conjugative plasmid expression Phage Q resistance, membrane protein 907 2844, 2845, 4066

cpxP 88.4 Conjugative plasmid expression Periplasmic protein, CpxA/R activated, induced in alkaline pH; suppresses toxic envelope protein effects 54751 922

cpxR 88.4 Conjugative plasmid expression Regulator in two-component cpxAR 34166 1065, 3596, 843

crcA 14.1 Camphor resistance and chromosome condensation High-copy crc-csp restores normal chromosome condensation in presence of camphor or mukB mutations 41127 1837

crcB 14.2 Camphor resistance and chromosome condensation See crcA 41131 1837

creA 99.9 Catabolite regulation Function unknown; transcribed with cre operon 34809 81

creB 99.9 Catabolite regulation phoM-orf2; structurally homologous to creC (phoM) 34803 81, 82

creC 99.9 Catabolite regulation phoM; sensor in Pho regulon 395 2654, 2733, 2734, 4431, 4660, 4661, 4664, 4666, 4667, 81

creD 99.9 Catabolite regulation cet (colicin E2 tolerance), refII 929 1090, 1284, 1462, 1568, 81

crg 28.8 Cold resistant growth Allows cold-resistant growth 18445 2175

crl 5.6 Curli Regulatory protein for curli (cryptic csgA) 30625 137, 1722, 3291, 3545

crp 75.1 cAMP receptor protein cap, csm; cAMP receptor protein 906 1404, 147, 1559, 2233, 2365, 258, 2627, 32, 3610, 3279, 3559, 3617, 4108, 4394, 500, 8, 844, 924

crr 54.6 Carrier? gsr, iex, tgs; phosphocarrier protein for glucose of the PTS; IIIglc 905 1023, 2326, 2859, 3150, 3369, 3370, 3793, 508, 539, 557, 562, 982, 983b

csdA 63.4 Cysteine, selenocysteine decomposition Cysteine sulfinate desulfinase 52073 2926

csgA 23.8 Curlin $sigma$ ^S-dependent growth Curlin, $sigma$ ^S (stationary phase) dependent, cryptic 30620 137, 138, 1619, 2612, 3289-3291, 3725, 4584

csgB 23.8 Curlin $sigma$ ^S-dependent growth Curlin nucleator protein, homology with major curlin, CsgA 36735 138, 2612, 3725

csgD 23.7 Curlin $sigma$ ^S-dependent growth csgD insertions eliminate $sigma$ ^S-dependent transcription from csgBA promoter 50655 1619, 3725

csgE 23.7 Curlin $sigma$ ^S-dependent growth Possible secretion or assembly protein for bacterial fibers 50658 1619, 3725

csgF 23.7 Curlin $sigma$ ^S-dependent growth Possible assembly or transport protein for curli 50661 1619

csgG 23.7 Curlin $sigma$ ^S-dependent growth Possible assembly or transport protein for curli; novel lipoprotein 50664 1619, 2612, 3725

csiA 85.3 Carbon starvation induced Stationary phase inducible protein 36892 4690

csiB 17.4 Carbon starvation induced Stationary phase inducible protein 36895 4690

csiC 66.0 Carbon starvation induced Stationary phase inducible protein 36898 4690

csiD 60.5 Carbon starvation induced Stationary phase inducible protein 36904 2775, 4690

csiE 57.4 Carbon starvation induced Stationary phase inducible protein 36901 2774, 4690

csiF 8.6 Carbon starvation induced Stationary phase inducible protein 36998 4690

cspA 80.1 Cold shock protein Cold shock protein CS7.4; similar to Y-box DNA binding proteins of eukaryotes; transcription factor 29540 1199, 1200, 1443, 1452, 194, 2019, 2046, 2473, 478, 4841a, 4347

cspB 35.3 Cold shock protein Cold shock protein with similarity to CspA 32231 1200, 2473

cspC 41.1 Cold shock protein msmB; multicopy suppresses mukB mutants 35339 2043, 2473, 4842

cspD 19.9 Cold shock protein Similarity to CspA but not cold shock induced 31688 2473, 4841

cspE 14.2 Cold shock protein msmC; with crcAB, high copy promotes or protects chromosome condensation 31528 1837, 4841, 4842