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TABLE 1.   E. coli genes and replication- or phage-related sitesa


Gene symbol Map location (min) Mnemonic for symbol Synonyms and gene product---enzyme, RNA, or phenotype affected CGSC no.d Referencesc

aarF 86.6 Aminoglycoside acetyltransferase regulator yigQR; regulator of 2'-N-acetyltransferase; involved in respiratory cofactor ubiquinone production 53879 2696
aas 64.1 Acyl-ACP synthase 2-Acyl-glycerophosphoethanolamine acyltransferase; acyl-ACP synthetase; salvage pathway for reacylation; inner membrane; bifunctional for turnover/incorporation 29780 1831, 1972
aat 20.0 Amino acyl-tRNA-protein transferase Aminoacyl-tRNA-protein-transferase (EC 2.3.2.6) 1054 4045
abpS 63.5 Arg binding protein Low-affinity transport system for arginine and ornithine; periplasmic binding protein 18562 664
abs 94.1 Antibiotic sensitivity Sensitivity and permeability to antibiotics and dyes 18559 763
accA 4.5 Acetyl-CoA carboxylase Acetyl-CoA carboxylase alpha -carboxyltransferase subunit; (EC 6.4.1.2) 29829 2536, 2537
accB 73.4 Acetyl-CoA carboxylase fabE; acetyl-CoA carboxylase, biotin carboxyl carrier protein (EC 6.4.1.2) 796 2537, 2712, 3057, 4302, 4616
accC 73.4 Acetyl-CoA carboxylase fabG; acetyl-CoA carboxylase, biotin carboxylase (BC) subunit (EC 6.4.1.2) 29834 2315, 2537, 3253
accD 52.4 Acetyl-CoA carboxylase dedB, usg; acetyl-CoA carboxylase beta -carboxyltransferase subunit (EC 6.4.1.2) 28570 2534, 2537, 3081
acd 65.1 Acetaldehyde-CoA deHase Acetaldehyde-CoA dehydrogenase (EC 1.2.1.10) 1053 764
aceA 90.8 Acetate icl; isocitrate lyase (EC 4.1.3.1); acetate utilization 1052 2744, 2811, 3674, 754, 841
aceB 90.8 Acetate mas; malate synthase A (EC 4.1.3.2) 1051 2744, 591, 592, 840, 841
aceE 2.7 Acetate aceE1; pyruvate dehydrogenase (decarboxylase component) E1p; (EC 1.2.4.1); acetate requirement 1050 1553, 1555, 1556, 1558, 2934, 4150, 4204, 655
aceF 2.7 Acetate aceE2; pyruvate dehydrogenase (dihydrolipoyltransacetylase component) E2p (EC 1.6.4.3, EC 2.3.1.12); acetate requirement 26530 1554, 2934, 655
aceK 90.9 Acetate Isocitrate dehydrogenase kinase/phosphatase 17770 1343, 1897, 2274, 2418, 2419, 753, 842, 754
ackA 52.0 Acetate kinase Acetate kinase (EC 2.7.2.1); mutants fluoroacetate resistant 1048 1548, 2094, 2512, 2812, 530, 224
ackB 39.9 Acetate kinase Acetate kinase activity* (EC 2.7.2.1) 1047 3379
acnA 28.8 Aconitase Aconitase A (EC 4.2.1.2) 28218 3542, 3543
acnB 2.8 Aconitase Aconitase B (EC 4.2.1.2) 36955 1538, 2141, 474
acpD 31.9 Acyl carrier protein ACP phosphodiesterase 52896 1256, 394
acpP 24.8 Acyl carrier protein ACP (acyl carrier protein) 31871 2183, 3621
acpS 58.2 Acyl carrier protein dpj; holo-ACP synthase (EC 2.7.8.7) 32953 2397, 2400, 2401, 3471, 4340
acpX 43.9 Acyl carrier protein acpS; originally thought to be holo-ACP synthase; perhaps cryptic second gene or regulator 1046 3471
acrA 10.4 Acridine Mb, lir, mbl, mtcA, sipB; AcrAB efflux system effects Mar multiple resistance 1045 1291, 1726, 2684, 2685, 3282, 3563, 4723, 808
acrB 10.4 Acridine acrE; AcrAB system has major role in Mar multiple resistance to NAL, TET, AMP, etc.; beware renamings of acrE, acrB, and envC 35806 1291, 2684, 2685, 3282, 4723
acrC 4.5 Acridine Sensitivity to acriflavine; transmembrane protein 1044 3104
acrD 55.7 Acridine Sensitivity to acriflavine 35697 3188
acrE 73.5 Acridine envC; anomolous cell division; chain formation; splits cross-wall to form new poles; see acrB 813 2133, 2255, 2256, 2516, 3702
acrF 73.6 Acridine envD; encodes lipoprotein with signal peptide; osmotically remedial envelope defect 33608 2255, 2256, 2516, 2684
acrR 10.5 Acridine Regulatory protein for acrA and acrB 35809 2686
acs 92.3 Acetyl-CoA synthetase Acetyl CoA synthetase 2 (EC 6.2.1.1) 34317 2367, 395
ada 49.7 Adaptive (response) O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase, inducible; DNA repair against methylating and alkylating agents; transcription factor 1043 1184, 2001, 2158, 2410, 2489, 2698, 2760, 2967, 3078, 3094, 3795, 3812, 3815, 3957, 3958, 3959, 4330, 4385
add 36.6 Adenine deaminase Adenosine deaminase (EC 3.5.4.4.); mutants affect growth on deoxyadenosine in purA, B mutants 1042 2024, 765
adhB 19.1 Alcohol dehydrogenase Alcohol dehydrogenase 36932 E, 763a
adhC 8.1 Alcohol dehydrogenase Alcohol-acetaldehyde dehydrogenase; adhC has also been used for adhE control region 52901 2070, 394
adhE 27.9 Alcohol/acetaldehyde dehydrogenase ana; adhC; alcohol dehydrogenase, acetaldehyde dehydrogenase, CoA-linked (EC 1.1.1.1) allyl alcohol resistance; deactivase for PFL 1041 129, 1457, 2203, 2495-2497, 2634, 710, 887, 1582
adhR 72.5 Alcohol/acetaldehyde dehydrogenase Regulatory gene for acd and adhE 18556 723, 767
adiA 93.5 Arginine decarboxylase, induced adi; arginine decarboxylase, inducible by acid; homology with CadA, SpeC, SpeF 34495 1665, 4022, 4023, 4024, 4223, 4224
adiY 93.4 Arginine decarboxylase, induced Sequence similarity with XylS/AraC family, including EnvY and AppY regulates adiA 35597 4224
adk 10.7 Adenylate kinase dnaW, plsA; adenylate kinase (EC 2.7.4.3) pleiotropic effects on glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase activity 1040 1176, 1725, 541
aegA 55.6 Anaerobically expressed gene air; induced by anaerobiosis, repressed by NO3; control mediated by Fnr, NarX, Q, L; nonessential in respiration, N source utilized 50847 662
aer 69.3 Aerotaxis air; possibly flavoprotein, mediates positive aerotactic responses; signal transducer 47273 347
aes 10.7 Acetyl esterase Esterase affecting maltose system expression 53369 2114, 3393
aga 70.7 Acetylgalactosamine Cluster of putative N-acetylgalactosamine pathway genes, including the kba gene, and mannose permease homologs 55305 3649
agp 23.0 Acid glucose-1-phosphatase Homology with appA; periplasmic 31830 3521, 3524, 3525, 3526
ahpC 13.8 Alkyl hydroperoxide tpx; alkyl hydroperoxide reductase small subunit 31190 4106, 4241, 667, 668
ahpF 13.8 Alkyl hydroperoxide Alkyl hydroperoxide reductase large subunit 31194 4106, 4241, 668
aidB 95.1 Alkylating agent induced Adaptive response 18553 2408, 2409, 4602, 4603
ais 50.9 Aluminum inducible An aluminum-inducible protein 53490 1589
alaS 60.7 Alanine act, ala-act, lovB; alanyl-tRNA synthetase 1B (ligase) (EC 6.1.1.7) 1039 2132, 2317, 3556, 3557, 3558, 458, 4590
alaT 87.0 Alanine talA; alanine tRNA 1B; rrnA operon 1038 2313, 926
alaU 73.8 Alanine talD; alanine tRNA 1B; rrnD operon 1037 2313
alaV 4.8 Alanine Alanine tRNA 1B; rrnH operon 1036 1146
alaW 54.2 Alanine alaWalpha ; alanine tRNA 2; tandemly duplicated; see alaX 32851 539
alaX 54.2 Alanine alaWbeta ; alanine tRNA 2; tandemly duplicated alaW 18547 2313, 539
aldA 32.0 Aldehyde dehydrogenase ald; aldehyde dehydrogenase, NAD linked 17767 1749, 3571, 712
aldB 80.9 Aldehyde dehydrogenase Aldehyde dehydrogenase 35668 4813, 4815
aldH 29.3 Aldehyde dehydrogenase Putative aldehyde dehydrogenase, by homology; transcribed in operon with goaG 35320 1697, 2066
alkA 46.2 Alkylation aidA; 3-methyl-adenine DNA glycosylase II, inducible; repairs by single- and double-strand excision of 3-methyl adenine 1035 1184, 3093, 3095, 365, 4385, 4602, 773
alkB 49.7 Alkylation aidD; DNA repair specific for alkylated DNA; mutants extremely sensitive to MMS 18544 2157, 2158, 2316, 4602, 4689, 693
alpA 59.4 Activation of Lon protease Alp protease; cryptic prophage CP4-57 element; regulates intA (slp [suppressor of Lon]) 33086 2241, 4455
alr 91.9 Alanine racemase Alanine racemase (EC 5.1.1.1) 1034 2549, 395
alsA 92.8 Allose Allose transport ABC protein 53362 2223
alsB 92.9 Allose Allose-binding protein 53365 2223
alsC 92.8 Allose Allose transport, membrane component 53357 2223
alsE 92.8 Allose Allulose-6-P 3-epimerase 53353 2223
alsK 92.8 Allose Allose kinase 53345 2223
alx 70.0 Alkaline-induced expression pH-regulated locus; induced in alkaline medium 36513 356
amiA 55.0 Amidase N-Acetylmuramyl-L-alanine amidase activity 18541 4425
amiB 94.7 Amidase Cell wall amidase (EC 3.5.1.28?); overexpression causes lysis, osmotic hypersensitivity, autolysis 34432 4489, 4490
amn 44.3 AMP nucleosidase AMP nucleosidase (EC 3.2.2.4) 17764 2503, 2504
ampC 94.3 Ampicillin ampA; beta -lactamase; penicillin resistance; affects peptidoglycan synthesis; cell morphology 1033 1116, 1117, 1167, 1540, 1541, 1713, 1993-1995, 3213, 796
ampD 2.6 Ampicillin ampC regulation 30478 1794, 2561
ampE 2.6 Ampicillin Ampicillin resistance; membrane protein 30481 1794, 2561
ampG 9.7 Ampicillin Ampicillin resistance; membrane protein 31027 2560
ampH 8.5 Ampicillin Probable role in peptidoglycan, cell wall synthesis; cell morphology 51873 1713
amtB 10.2 Ammonia transport Putative ammonia transporter 47403 4557
amyA 43.2 Amylase  alpha -amylase, cytoplasmic 30745 3581, 3582
ansA 39.9 Asparaginase L-Asparaginase I; (EC 3.5.1.1) 1030 1005, 4167
ansB 66.8 Asparaginase L-Asparaginase II; (EC 3.5.1.1) 30045 427, 2008 
apaG 1.1 ad-P-ad Expressed as part of complex ksgA operon 30310 3683, 380
apaH 1.1 ad-P-ad Diadenosine tetraphosphatase; stress response; complex operon 17761 1205, 2034, 2509, 2861, 3683, 380
aphA 92.0 Acid phosphatase Acid phosphatase/phosphotransferase, class B 45401 4390
appA 22.4 Acid (poly)phosphatase Acid phosphatase, pH 2.5, exopolyphosphatase (EC 3.1.3.2, 3.6.1.11); agp homology; phytase P2 17758 1514, 432, 945, 946, 4446
appB 22.4 Acid (poly)phosphatase cyxB; cytochrome oxidase, putative additional one 31813 161, 947
appC 22.4 Acid (poly)phosphatase cyxA; cytochrome oxidase, putative additional one 31810 161, 947
appY 12.6 Acid (poly)phosphatase Regulates hya and appA operons; induced by PO4 starvation and stationary phase 31146 160, 161, 162, 1786, 2195, 516
apt 10.6 ad-P transferase Adenine phosphoribosyltransferase (EC 2.4.2.7); adenine salvage, AMP from PRPP + Ad 1029 1733, 1734, 577
aqpZ 19.7 Aquaporin Aquaporin Z, bacterial water channel 40930 607, 608
araA 1.4 Arabinose L-Arabinose isomerase (EC 5.3.1.4) 1028 2469
araB 1.5 Arabinose Ribulokinase (EC 2.7.1.16) 1027 1102, 2169, 2469, 2470, 2970, 3247, 4110
araC 1.5 Arabinose Regulatory gene: activator and repressor 1026 1102, 1158, 2169, 2300, 2470, 2971, 3247, 4018, 4110, 4237, 4642, 643, 651
araD 1.4 Arabinose L-Ribulosephosphate 4-epimerase (EC 5.1.3.4) 1025 2469, 2949
araE 64.2 Arabinose Low-affinity L-arabinose transport; L-arabinose proton symport 1024 2299, 2300, 2708, 2724, 4238
araF 42.7 Arabinose L-Arabinose-binding protein 1023 2299, 2300, 2328, 3953, 3954, 758
araG 42.7 Arabinose High-affinity L-arabinose transport 1022 2299, 2300, 2328, 3953
araH 42.7 Arabinose High-affinity L-arabinose transport, membrane protein 18535 3953
araJ 8.8 Arabinose Function unknown, arabinose inducible, not affecting Ara transport or utilization 29861 1716, 3636
arcA 100.0 Aerobic pathways control dye, fexA, msp, seg, sfrA; negative regulatory gene for aerobic path genes, anaerobic repression; activates cydAB 831 1089, 1955, 333, 4069, 587, 588, 689
arcB 72.2 Aerobic pathways control Activates ArcA in response to anoxia; probable histidine kinase phosphorylating ArcA 29063 1953, 1956, 1958, 3886, 689
argA 63.5 Arginine Arg1, Arg2, argB; N-acetylglutamate synthase (EC 2.3.1.1); growth on acetylornithine; see argE 1021 1107, 3152, 3870, 528, 862
argB 89.5 Arginine Acetylglutamate kinase (EC 2.7.2.8); see argA 1020 255, 3000, 3374, 862, 863
argC 89.5 Arginine Arg2, argH; N-acetyl-gamma -glutamyl-phosphate reductase (EC 1.2.1.38) 1019 255, 3000, 311, 3374, 3433, 862, 863
argD 75.2 Arginine Arg1, argG; acetylornithine aminotransferase (EC 2.6.1.11); see argF 1018 2191, 315, 3676, 862
argE 89.5 Arginine Arg4, argA; acetylornithine deacetylase (EC 3.5.1.16); see argG 1017 2187, 255, 3000, 311, 3433, 863
argF 6.2 Arginine Arg5, argD; ornithine transcarbamylase (EC 2.1.3.3); see duplicate locus, argI 1016 1597, 1838, 2015, 2476, 2997, 2998, 3434, 4561, 4892, 863, 1717
argG 71.5 Arginine Arg6, argE; argininosuccinate synthetase (EC 6.3.4.5); see argD 1015 4560, 1717
argH 89.5 Arginine Argininosuccinate lyase (EC 4.3.2.1); see argC 1014 255, 3000, 863, 1717
argI 96.5 Arginine Ornithine transcarbamylase (EC 2.1.3.3); see argF 1013 295, 3434, 3729
argM 88.7 Arginine Acetylornithine transaminase; cryptic gene; may be duplicate of argD 18532 3676
argP 65.9 Arginine iciA (inhibitor of chromosome initiation); transport of arginine, ornithine, and lysine; canavanine sensitivity 1012 1614, 1871, 1873, 1874, 2474, 2691, 3427, 3733, 665, 4405
argQ 60.7 Arginine Rarg; arginine tRNA2 tandem quadruple genes 2313 35604
argR 72.9 Arginine xerA; repressor of Arg regulon; cer-mediated site-specific recombination 1011 1114, 2187, 2481, 254, 2552, 2690, 315, 3399, 3427, 4225
argS 42.2 Arginine lov; arginyl-tRNA synthetase (EC 6.1.1.19); 1010 1164, 1772, 3147, 4590
argT 52.3 Arginine Salmonella homolog codes for Lys-, Arg-, and Orn-binding proteins 18529 3211
argU 12.1 Arginine dnaY, pin; arginine tRNA4 17755 1285, 1360, 1415, 2313, 2563, 3888, 4140, 505, 696
argV 60.7 Arginine argValpha ; arginine tRNA2 tandem quadruple genes 2313 11650
argW 53.1 Arginine Arginine tRNA5 17752 2313
argX 85.8 Arginine Arginine tRNA3 17749 1832, 2313, 926
argY 60.7 Arginine argVbeta ; arginine tRNA2 tandem quadruple genes 2313 35610
argZ 60.7 Arginine argVgamma ; arginine tRNA2 tandem quadruple genes 2313 35607
aroA 20.7 Aromatic 3-Enolpyruvylshikimate-5-phosphate synthetase (EC 2.5.1.19) 1008 1098, 1099
aroB 75.8 Aromatic 3-Dehydroquinate synthase (EC 4.6.1.3) 1007 2937
aroC 52.7 Aromatic Chorismate synthase (EC 4.6.1.4) 1006 683
aroD 38.2 Aromatic 3-Dehydroquinate dehydratase (EC 4.2.1.10) 1005 2240, 433
aroE 73.9 Aromatic Dehydroshikimate reductase (EC 1.1.1.25) 1004 116, 2865
aroF 59.0 Aromatic DAHP synthetase (tyrosine repressible) (EC 4.1.2.15) 1003 1371, 1847, 4047
aroG 16.9 Aromatic DAHP synthetase (phenylalanine repressible) (EC 4.1.2.15); TyrR regulon 1002 1189, 1704, 1903, 2819, 958, 959
aroH 38.5 Aromatic DAHP synthetase (tryptophan repressible) (EC 4.1.2.15) 1001 1100, 1848, 3030, 433, 4968, 958
aroI 84.2 Aromatic Function unknown 1000 1422
aroK 75.8 Aromatic Shikimate kinase I 30224 1516, 2604, 2605, 4586, 4719
aroL 8.7 Aromatic Shikimate kinase II (EC 2.7.1.71) 999 2436, 2936, 4719, 998, 999
aroM 8.8 Aromatic Function unknown; regulated by aroR 18523 998, 999
aroP 2.6 Aromatic General aromatic amino acid transport; TyrR regulon 998 1553, 1556, 1558, 1657, 2131, 2415, 2416, 3689, 529, 755, 756, 83, 1795
aroT 28.3 Aromatic trpR; aroR; indole acrylic acid resistant mutants; transport 997 4410
arsB 78.6 Arsenate resistance arsF; resistance to arsenate, arsenite, and antimonite 35996 1055, 4128, 600, 637
arsC 78.6 Arsenate resistance arsG; resistance to arsenate, arsenite, and antimonite 35999 1055, 4128, 600, 637
arsR 78.6 Arsenate resistance arsE; resistance to arsenate, arsenite, and antimonite 35993 1055, 4128, 4812, 600, 637
artI 19.4 Arginine transport Periplasmic binding protein of Arg transport system 31674 4759, 4760
artJ 19.4 Arginine transport Periplasmic binding protein of Arg transport system 31664 4759
artM 19.4 Arginine transport Arg periplasmic transport system; similarity to transmembrane proteins, BPC ATPases 31667 4759, 4760
artP 19.4 Arginine transport Arg periplasmic transport system; similarity to transmembrane proteins, BPC ATPases 31677 4759, 4760
artQ 19.4 Arginine transport Arg periplasmic transport system; similarity to transmembrane proteins, BPC ATPases 31670 4759, 4760
ascB 61.2 Arbutin, salicin, cellobiose sac; cryptic; paralogous to cryptic bglFB; expressed when AscG is mutated 33236 1606, 3365
ascF 61.2 Arbutin, salicin, cellobiose sac; cryptic; paralogous to cryptic bglFB; expressed when AscG is mutated 33233 1606, 3365
ascG 61.1 Arbutin, salicin, cellobiose Repressor of cryptic asc operon; galR paralog 33230 1606
asd 77.0 Aspartate semialdehyde deHase dap, hom; aspartate semialdehyde dehydrogenase (EC 1.2.1.11) 996 1679, 1680, 3281, 3940
aslA 85.8 Arylsulfatase-like gppB; suppresses gpp mutants 33957 3069
aslB 85.8 Arylsulfatase-like gppB; suppresses gpp mutants 33960 3069
asmA 46.1 Assembly suppressor mutant Membrane protein; suppressor of ompF assembly mutants 41068 1021; 2957, 4811
asnA 84.6 Asparagine Asparagine synthetase A (EC 6.3.1.1) 995 1769, 1861, 2295, 3111, 4610, 4621, 556
asnB 15.0 Asparagine Asparagine synthetase B (EC 6.3.1.1) 994 1861, 3454, 3952
asnC 84.6 Asparagine Regulatory gene for asnA, asnC, gidA 18520 1033, 2294, 556, 729
asnS 21.3 Asparagine lcs, tss; asparaginyl-tRNA synthetase (EC 6.1.1.22) 993 1917, 4433
asnT 44.0 Asparagine Asparagine tRNA 992 1285, 2313, 3324
asnU 44.4 Asparagine Asparagine tRNA 17746 2313
asnV 44.4 Asparagine Asparagine tRNA 17743 2313
asnW 44.3 Asparagine Asparagine tRNA 51238 2313
aspA 94.1 Aspartate Aspartate ammonia-lyase (aspartase) (EC 4.3.1.1) 991 1557, 4327
aspC 21.2 Aspartate Aspartate aminotransferase (EC 2.6.1.1) 990 1283, 2317, 2373, 2740
aspS 42.0 Aspartate tls; aspartyl-tRNA synthetase 32508 1165, 1351, 4000
aspT 85.0 Aspartate tasC; aspartate tRNA1 triplicated gene 989 2313, 2777, 4904, 926
aspU 4.8 Aspartate Aspartate tRNA1 triplicated gene, in rrnH operon 988 1146, 2313, 2777
aspV 5.1 Aspartate Aspartate tRNA1 triplicated gene 987 1806, 2313, 2777, 3324
asr 35.9 Acid shock RNA Acid shock RNA; expression controlled by phoBR 53672 1986
asue 33.3 Asparagine utilization Utilizes asparagine as sole nitrogen source 18517 723
atoA 50.1 Acetoacetate Acetate CoA-transferase (EC 2.8.3.-) 986 2321
atoB 50.1 Acetoacetate Acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.9) 985 2005
atoC 50.0 Acetoacetate Az; positive regulator in two-component system, with AtoS sensor kinase 984 395a, 1949a, 3985a, 2005, 2006, 3382, 3817, 629
atoD 50.0 Acetoacetate Acetyl-CoA:acetoacetyl-CoA transferase beta -subunit 18514 2005
atoS 50.0 Acetoacetate AtoS sensor kinase, with AtoC response regulator in 2-component system 37061 395a, 1949a, 3985a
atpA 84.4 ATP papA, uncA; membrane-bound ATP synthase, F1 sector, alpha -subunit (EC 3.6.1.3) 33 1390, 1570, 2275, 4187, 4635
atpB 84.5 ATP papD, uncB; membrane-bound ATP synthase, F0 sector, subunit a (EC 3.6.1.3) 32 1570, 1830, 2993, 3180, 3860, 4609, 4635
atpC 84.3 ATP papG, uncC; membrane-bound ATP synthase, F1 sector, varepsilon -subunit (EC 3.6.1.3) 31 1570, 4635, 4809, 4810
atpD 84.4 ATP papB, uncD; membrane-bound ATP synthase, F1 sector, beta -subunit (EC 3.6.1.3) 30 1570, 3296, 4635
atpE 84.5 ATP papH, uncE; membrane-bound ATP synthase, F0 sector, subunit c; DCCD- (EC 3.6.1.3) 29 1570, 1992, 2836, 2993, 3860, 3900, 4635
atpF 84.5 ATP papF, uncF; membrane-bound ATP synthase, F0 sector, subunit b (EC 3.6.1.3) 28 1570, 2993, 4635
atpG 84.4 ATP papC, uncG; membrane-bound ATP synthase, F1 sector, gamma -subunit (EC 3.6.1.3) 27 1570, 2275, 2692, 3860, 4635
atpH 84.4 ATP papE, uncH; membrane-bound ATP synthase, F1 sector, delta -subunit (EC 3.6.1.3) 26 1570, 2994, 3380, 4635
atpI 84.5 ATP uncI; membrane-bound ATP synthase subunit, F1-F0-type proton-ATPase (EC 3.6.1.34) 18511 1830, 2040, 2156, 3180, 3491, 4609, 4635, 544, 3923
att186 59.3 Attachment Integration site for phage HK186 972 D
att253 6.1 Attachment Integration site for phage HK253 18508 3484
attHK139 44.8 Attachment Attachment site for phage HK139 981 1035
attHK022 22.7 Attachment atthtt; lambdoid prophage HK022 attachment site 982 1034, 2301
attlambda 17.3 Attachment att92, att434; lambda attachment site 980 1470, 18, 1035, 1836, 2940
attP1,P7 68.7 Attachment loxB; attachment site for phage P1 and P7 979 4205, 722
attP22 5.6 Attachment ata; phage P22 attachment site, within thrW gene 975 2562
attP2H 44.7 Attachment Integration site H for phage P2 978 241a, 4291, D
attP2II 87.1 Attachment Integration site II for phage P2 977 241a, 37, D
attP2III 83.5 Attachment Integration site III for phage P2 32179 241a
attP4 96.9 Attachment Integration site for phage P4 976 611, 3431
attPA-2 53.1 Attachment Integration site for phage PA-2 974 C
attphi 80 28.2 Attachment Integration site for phage phi80 973 3794a
attTn7 84.3 Attachment Specific site for Tn7 insertion 37363 1520, 2852
avtA 80.6 Alanine-isoketovalerate transaminase Alanine-alpha -ketoisovalerate transaminase, transaminase C 971 1196, 2585, 4656, 4718
azaA 44.6 Azaserine Mutants azaserine resistant 970 4744
azaB 71.9 Azaserine Mutants azaserine resistant 969 4744
azl 58.1 Azaleucine Mutants azaleucine resistant; regulates ilv and leu 967 3452
bacA 69.0 Bacitracin resistance A lipid kinase; may confer resistance by phosphorylation of undecaprenol 29739 606
baeR 46.6 Bacterial adaptive envZ regulator Suppresses envZ and phoR/creC mutations 30764 3083
baeS 46.6 Bacterial adaptive envZ regulator Suppresses envZ and phoR/creC mutations 30761 3083
barA 62.8 Bacterial adaptive response Has sensory kinase and response regulator domains like OmpR and EnvZ 33320 1924, 3084
basR 93.4 Bacterial adaptive sensor BasRS two-component regulatory system homologous with OmpR-EnvZ family 28168 3083, 3716
basS 93.3 Bacterial adaptive sensor BasRS two-component regulatory system homologous with OmpR-EnvZ family 28171 3083
bax 80.5 Gene transcribed divergently from malS 54736 3922
bcp 56.0 Bacterioferritin comigratory protein Probable bacterioferritin 33035 112
bcr 49.1 Bicyclomycin resistance bicA, bicR, sur, suxA; transmembrane; affects sulfathiazole-sulfonamide resistance 32582 309
betA 7.0 Betaine Choline dehydrogenase 17740 104, 2399, 4257, 470
betB 7.0 Betaine Betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase (EC 1.2.1.8) 17737 104, 2399, 470
betI 7.1 Betaine Regulatory gene, perhaps repressor for choline regulation of bet genes 30692 2399
betT 7.1 Betaine High-affinity choline transport 18505 104, 2399
bfd 74.7 Bfr regulating Regulatory or redox component complexing with Bfr in iron storage and mobility [2Fe-2S] 43017 1369
bfm 85.9 BF23 multiplication Controls phage BF23 multiplication 966 A, 4041a
bfr 74.7 Bacterioferritin Bacterioferritin 32528 111
bglA 65.6  beta -Glucoside bglD; phospho-beta -glucosidase A; growth on arbutin or salicin when activated 965 2076, 3239
bglB 84.1  beta -Glucoside blgA; phospho-beta -glucosidase B; growth on arbutin or salicin when activated 964 2718, 3528, 3658, 3924, 3925, 4611
bglF 84.1  beta -Glucoside bglC, bglB; BglG kinase; transport 18502 2718, 3924, 476, 704
bglG 84.1  beta -Glucoside bglC, bglS; positive regulatory gene, RNA-binding protein; regulated by phosphorylation 963 1818, 2718, 3658, 3659, 3924, 3825, 4077, 4506
bglJ 99.2  beta -Glucoside Mutation bglJ4 activates silent bgl operon, allowing arbutin and salicin transport and utilization 45483 1424, 4506
bglT 84.9  beta -Glucoside bglE; regulatory gene for BglA 961 3890
bglX 47.8  beta -Glucoside Periplasmic beta -glucosidase (EC 3.2.1.21) 4858
bioA 17.4 Biotin Diaminopelargonic acid synthetase 959 18, 232, 2331, 235, 3312, 4246, 4319
bioB 17.4 Biotin Biotin synthetase; dethiobiotin to biotin pathway 958 18, 232, 2331, 235, 3312, 4246, 4319
bioC 17.5 Biotin Blocked prior to pimeloyl CoA formation 957 18, 2488, 4246, 4319
bioD 17.5 Biotin Dethiobiotin synthetase 956 18, 2488, 4246, 4319, 4852
bioF 17.5 Biotin 7-Keto-8-aminopelargonic acid synthetase 955 18, 2488, 4246, 4319
bioH 76.3 Biotin bioB; blocked prior to pimeloyl CoA formation 954 232, 2488, 3303, 3940
bioP 86.6 Biotin bir, birB; biotin transport 953 1298, 624
bipA 87.4 BPI-induced protein yihK; in EPEC strains, it mediates interactions with epithelial cells; tyrosine-phosphorylated GTPase 37329 1206
birA 89.9 Biotin retention bioR, dhbB; biotin-[acetyl-CoA carboxylase] holoenzyme synthetase, and repressor 952 1825, 232-234, 2743, 3337, 4817, 624
bisC 80.0 Biotin sulfoxide Biotin sulfoxide reductase, structural gene 951 1003, 3430
bisZ 42.1 Biotin sulfoxide Responsible for background activity of biotin sulfoxide reductase in bisC mutants 50496 1004
blc 94.3 Bacterial lipocalin Membrane protein, first prokaryotic lipocalin; cell division and growth, rpoS regulon; shares translation termination codons with sugE 40887 361
bolA 9.8 Bolus Morphogene; overexpression produces osmotically stable spherical cells; FtsZ dependent 31032 2413, 55-57
brnQ 9.0 Branched chain hrbA; mutants valine and o-methylthreonine resistant, glycylvaline sensitive; transport system I for Ile, Leu, and Val 950 1542, 1543
brnR 8.5 Branched chain Mutants valine resistant, glycylvaline sensitive 949 1542
brnS 1.2 Branched chain Mutants valine resistant, glycylvaline sensitive 948 1542
brnT 65.2 Branched chain Low-affinity transport of Ile 947 1876a
btuB 89.7 B12 uptake bfe, cer; receptor for vitamin B12, E colicins, and phage BF23; also C1 phage absorption 946 1545, 1546, 166, 167, 1705, 1850, 2082, 2430, 2546, 3000, 585
btuC 38.6 B12 uptake Vitamin B12 transport 945 1029, 1031, 1315
btuD 38.6 B12 uptake B12 transport, membrane associated 18499 1029, 1031, 1315
btuE 38.6 B12 uptake Not required for vitamin B12 transport, perhaps periplasmic protein 18496 1029, 1315, 3679
btuR 28.6 B12 uptake Regulatory gene affecting btuB 18493 2667
bymA 93.2 Bypass maltose Growth on maltose in MalT- cells 944 1781
cadA 93.9 Cadaverine Lysine decarboxylase (EC 4.1.1.18) 943 168, 169, 2886, 2887, 3144, 4022, 4325, 4680
cadB 93.9 Cadaverine Arginine/ornithine antiporter, probably 34228 2886, 3144, 4680
cadC 93.9 Cadaverine Regulatory gene 34231 2887, 3144, 4680
cafA 73.2 Cytoplasmic axial filaments Cell division and growth, overexpression forms minicells and chains with long axial structures 31358 3278
caiA 0.8 Carnitine inducible Carnitine metabolism, oxidoreductase 36825 1134, 550
caiB 0.8 Carnitine inducible Carnitine dehydratase 36800 1135, 550
caiC 0.8 Carnitine inducible Crotonobetain/carnitine-CoA ligase 36828 1134, 550
caiD 0.8 Carnitine inducible Putative enoyl hydratase/isomerase with carnitine racemase activity 36831 1134, 550
caiE 0.8 Carnitine inducible Stimulates carnitine racemase activity of CaiD and CaiB activity 36834 1134, 550
caiF 0.7 Carnitine inducible Regulatory gene; transcriptional activation of cai operon 42995 1133, 550
caiT 0.9 Carnitine inducible Putative carnitine/betaine transport 36822 1134, 550
calA 95.0 Calcium Calcium-proton antiport activity 941 4417, 499
calC 15.2 Calcium Calcium transport; mutants defective in chemotaxis 940 4417, 499
calD 9.4 Calcium Calcium transport; mutants defective in chemotaxis 939 4417, 499
can 66.0 Canavanine Resistance to canavanine 938 A, 2691a
carA 0.6 Carbamoyl P arg+ura, cap, pyrA; carbamoylphosphate synthase (glutamine-hydrolysing) light subunit (EC 6.3.5.5) 936 1427, 3432, 465, 861
carB 0.7 Carbamoyl P arg+ura, cap, pyrA; carbamoylphosphate synthase (ammonia), heavy subunit (EC 6.3.4.16) 935 1427, 3234, 861
cbl 44.4 cysB-like cys regulon member; perhaps an accessory regulatory circuit within the cys regulon 50175 1964, 4550
cbpA 22.9 Curved-DNA binding protein Recognizes a curved DNA sequence; sequence similarity to DnaJ 31822 4505
cbt 16.6 Colicin B (and D) tolerance Dicarboxylate binding protein production; ColB and ColD tolerance 934 334
cca 69.0 CCA tRNA terminus tRNA nucleotidyl transferase 933 880
ccmA 49.5 Cytochrome c maturation ABC transporter, ATPase subunit 36574 1537, 4406, 4411, 739, 740
ccmB 49.5 Cytochrome c maturation ABC transporter, ATPase subunit 36577 1537, 4406, 4411, 739, 740
ccmC 49.4 Cytochrome c maturation ABC transporter, heme binding 36581 1537, 4406, 4411, 739, 740
ccmD 49.4 Cytochrome c maturation Cytochrome c related 36584 1537, 4406, 739, 740
ccmE 49.4 Cytochrome c maturation Cytochrome c related 36587 1537, 4406, 739, 740
ccmF 49.4 Cytochrome c maturation Required for synthesis of c-type cytochromes; similarity with NrfE 36590 1536, 1537, 4406, 4411, 739, 740
ccmG 49.4 Cytochrome c maturation dsbE; thioredoxin homolog; thiol-disulfide interchange protein 36594 1192, 1537, 4406, 4411, 739, 740
ccmH 49.3 Cytochrome c maturation Required for synthesis of c-type cytochromes; similarity with NrfF and NrfG 36597 1536, 1537, 4406, 739, 740
cdd 48.1 Deoxycytidine deaminase Deoxycytidine deaminase (EC 3.5.4.5); mutants 5-fluorodeoxycytidine resistant 932 1075, 2057, 2058, 2925, 3241, 429, 4325, 4851
cde 14.2 Control of dam expression Affects growth rate control of dam expression; near or within lipB 37102 3616
cdh 88.5 CDP diglyceride hydrolase CDP-diglyceride hydrolase 931 1710, 1884, 51, 559, 560
cdsA 4.2 CDP diglyceride synthase CDP-diglyceride synthase 930 1356, 1886
cdsS 71.7 CDP diglyceride synthase Stability of CDP diglyceride synthase 18490 1355
cedA 39.1 Cell division Modulates cell division, affects inhibition after overreplication of chromosome in dnaAcos mutants 55374 2161
celA 39.2 Cellobiose chbB; member of cryptic cel operon 34873 2205, 3366
celB 39.2 Cellobiose chbC; phosphotransferase system enzyme IIcel, PEP dependent; cryptic operon; cellobiose, arbutin, and salicin transport 18487 2205, 2340, 2341, 3366, 3647
celC 39.2 Cellobiose chbA; phosphotransferase system enzyme IIIcel, PEP dependent; cryptic operon; cellobiose, arbutin, and salicin transport 18484 2205, 2340, 2341, 3366, 3547
celD 39.2 Cellobiose chbR; Cel regulatory protein 18481 2205, 2340, 2341, 3366
celF 39.1 Cellobiose chbF; phospho-beta -glucosidase B; cryptic operon 17734 2205, 2340, 2341, 3366
cfa 37.5 Cyclopropane fatty acid cdfA; cyclopropane fatty acid synthase 10810 1527, 1528, 1529, 4649
cfcA 79.9 Control frequency of cell division Controls cell division frequency per round of DNA replication 36615 3194
chaA 27.4 Ca2+/H+ antiporter Ca2+/H+ antiporter 30293 1961, 3271, 3330
chaB 27.4 Ca2+/H+ antiporter Accessory and regulatory protein for chaA 37193 4792a
chaC 27.4 Ca2+/H+ antiporter Accessory and regulatory protein for chaA 37196 4792a
cheA 42.5 Chemotaxis Autophosphorylating histidine kinase of chemotactic response; clockwise and counterclockwise signals; Fla regulon 928 2285, 2679, 3757, 3830, 4064, 4101, 4119, 4363, 4652, 84
cheB 42.4 Chemotaxis Protein methylesterase; flagellar regulon member 927 2349, 3076, 4101, 4214, 468, 923
cheR 42.4 Chemotaxis cheX; protein methyltransferase (in chemotactic response); flagellar regulon 926 2951, 3076, 4101, 468
cheW 42.5 Chemotaxis Signal transduction; couples CheA to chemoreceptor control by promoting CheW/CheA/Tsr; flagellar regulon 925 3076, 3757, 4064, 4101
cheY 42.4 Chemotaxis Response regulator CheY for chemotactic signal transduction; flagellar regulon member 924 2679, 2809, 3076, 3757, 3857, 4046, 4101, 468, 776
cheZ 42.3 Chemotaxis Chemotactic signal transduction; flagellar regulon member 923 3076, 3856, 3857, 4101, 468
chpA 62.7 Chromosomal homolog of pem chpAK, mazF; ChpAB growth inhibitor, homology to R100 pemK gene, programmed cell death? toxic protein 33287 2794, 35
chpB 95.8 Chromosomal homolog of pem chpBK, yjfB; ChpAB growth inhibitor, homology to pemK 33290 2793, 2794
chpR 62.7 Chromosomal homolog of pem chpAI, mazE; homology to R100 pemI, which suppresses pemK; suppresses ChpA inhibition 33283 2794, 35
chpS 95.8 Chromosomal homolog of pem chpBI, yjfA; homology to pemI; supresses ChpB 33293 2793, 2794
cirA 48.3 Colicin I resistance/receptor feuA; colicin I receptor production 916 1518, 2925, 428, 4783
citA 17.9 Citrate Cryptic gene for citrate transport system 18469 1604
citB 16.0 Citrate Cryptic gene for citrate transport system 18466 1604
cld 45.2 Chain length determination rol; regulator of lipopolysaccharide O-chain length; gene studied in Salmonella and non-K-12 strains 56819 1061a, 1293a
clpA 19.9 Caseinolytic protease Clp ATP-dependent protease, ATP-binding subunit 31293 1472, 3972, 3973, 3990
clpB 58.8 Caseinolytic protease ClpB protease, ATP dependent (EC 1.17.4.-, 3.4.21.-) 32875 1327, 2244, 3359, 3478, 4178, 4772
clpP 9.8 Caseinolytic protease F21.5, LopP; ClpP ATP-dependent protease proteolytic subunit 31280 2344, 2822, 2824, 3973, 4765
clpX 9.8 Caseinolytic protease LopC; ClpX protease, which activates ClpP 31287 1297, 1473, 2505, 4765, 4891
cls 28.1 Cardiolipin synthase nov; cardiolipin synthase; mutants dihydroxybutylphosphonate resistant; novobiocin sensitivity 915 1690, 1765, 1766, 1876, 1960, 3193, 3267, 3600, 4462, 4463
cmk 20.7 CMP kinase mssA; multicopy suppressor; CMP kinase 31736 1308, 4843
cmlA 19.0 Chloramphenicol Probably same as cmr; resistance or sensitivity to chloramphenicol, also tetracycline resistance 914 187, 3637, 4043
cmr 19.0 Chloramphenicol resistance cmlA?, mdfA; transmembrane multidrug/chloramphenicol efflux transporter 55066 1115, 3189, 3637
cmtA 66.3 Cryptic mannitol Similar to mannitol phosphotransferase enzymes 33362 4163
cmtB 66.3 Cryptic mannitol tolM; protein-Npi -phosphohistidine sugar P-transferase; enzyme III of PEP-PTS cryptic mannitol transport 33365 4163
coaA 89.9 CoA panK, rts; pantothenate kinase 17731 1259, 4134, 4135, 4538
cobS 44.5 Cobalamin, coenzyme B12 Partial cobalamin biosynthesis pathway present in E. coli 40912 2439
cobT 44.4 Cobalamin, coenzyme B12 Partial cobalamin biosynthesis pathway present in E. coli 40908 2439
cobU 44.5 Cobalamin, coenzyme B12 Partial cobalamin biosynthesis pathway present in E. coli 40916 2439
codA 7.7 Cytosine deaminase Cytosine deaminase (EC 3.5.4.1) 913 23, 4562, 927, 95
codB 7.6 Cytosine deaminase Cytosine transport 912 23, 927, 95
cof 10.1 Complementation of fur Complements deletion mutant for growth on succinate 53227 1640
cog 29.1 Control of ompG Probable repressor of ompG 37297 2956
corA 86.2 Cobalt resistance Mg2+ transport system; mutants resistant to Co2+, Mn2+, and Ni2+, insensitive to Ca2+ 911 2750, 3242, 3243, 3353, 4120, 4683, 58, 926
CP4-57 59.4 Cryptic prophage Cryptic prophage; see intA and alpA 33089 2241, 3653
cpdA 68.4 Cyclic nucleotide P-diesterase icc; affects cAMP requirement during growth on maltose; 3',5' cAMP phosphodiesterase 37437 1907
cpdB 95.5 Cyclic nucleotide P-diesterase 2',3'-Cyclic nucleotide 2'-phosphodiesterase (EC 3.1.4.16) 909 1996, 2580, 259
cpsA 45.4 Capsular polysaccharide synthesis Colanic acid (CPS) biosynthesis 18463 4460
cpsB 45.7 Capsular polysaccharide synthesis Colanic acid (CPS) biosynthesis; mannose 1-P guanyltransferase 18460 4460
cpsC 45.8 Capsular polysaccharide synthesis Colanic acid (CPS) biosynthesis 18457 4460
cpsD 45.8 Capsular polysaccharide synthesis Colanic acid (CPS) biosynthesis 18454 4460
cpsE 45.8 Capsular polysaccharide synthesis Colanic acid (CPS) biosynthesis 51241 4460
cpsF 90.2 Capsular polysaccharide synthesis Colanic acid (CPS) biosynthesis 18448 4460
cpsG 45.7 Capsular polysaccharide synthesis Phosphomannomutase isozyme; colanic acid biosynthesis 37429 1999
cpxA 88.4 Conjugative plasmid expression ecfB, eup, ssd; membrane sensor in two-component cpxAR signal transduction system; Kanr, phage Q resistant; L-serine growth 908 1952, 2844, 2845, 3011, 3166, 3448, 3595, 3596, 4066-4068, 4408, 4684, 50, 52, 843
cpxB 41.3 Conjugative plasmid expression Phage Q resistance, membrane protein 907 2844, 2845, 4066
cpxP 88.4 Conjugative plasmid expression Periplasmic protein, CpxA/R activated, induced in alkaline pH; suppresses toxic envelope protein effects 54751 922
cpxR 88.4 Conjugative plasmid expression Regulator in two-component cpxAR 34166 1065, 3596, 843
crcA 14.1 Camphor resistance and chromosome condensation High-copy crc-csp restores normal chromosome condensation in presence of camphor or mukB mutations 41127 1837
crcB 14.2 Camphor resistance and chromosome condensation See crcA 41131 1837
creA 99.9 Catabolite regulation Function unknown; transcribed with cre operon 34809 81
creB 99.9 Catabolite regulation phoM-orf2; structurally homologous to creC (phoM) 34803 81, 82
creC 99.9 Catabolite regulation phoM; sensor in Pho regulon 395 2654, 2733, 2734, 4431, 4660, 4661, 4664, 4666, 4667, 81
creD 99.9 Catabolite regulation cet (colicin E2 tolerance), refII 929 1090, 1284, 1462, 1568, 81
crg 28.8 Cold resistant growth Allows cold-resistant growth 18445 2175
crl 5.6 Curli Regulatory protein for curli (cryptic csgA) 30625 137, 1722, 3291, 3545
crp 75.1 cAMP receptor protein cap, csm; cAMP receptor protein 906 1404, 147, 1559, 2233, 2365, 258, 2627, 32, 3610, 3279, 3559, 3617, 4108, 4394, 500, 8, 844, 924
crr 54.6 Carrier? gsr, iex, tgs; phosphocarrier protein for glucose of the PTS; IIIglc 905 1023, 2326, 2859, 3150, 3369, 3370, 3793, 508, 539, 557, 562, 982, 983b
csdA 63.4 Cysteine, selenocysteine decomposition Cysteine sulfinate desulfinase 52073 2926
csgA 23.8 Curlin sigma S-dependent growth Curlin, sigma S (stationary phase) dependent, cryptic 30620 137, 138, 1619, 2612, 3289-3291, 3725, 4584
csgB 23.8 Curlin sigma S-dependent growth Curlin nucleator protein, homology with major curlin, CsgA 36735 138, 2612, 3725
csgD 23.7 Curlin sigma S-dependent growth csgD insertions eliminate sigma S-dependent transcription from csgBA promoter 50655 1619, 3725
csgE 23.7 Curlin sigma S-dependent growth Possible secretion or assembly protein for bacterial fibers 50658 1619, 3725
csgF 23.7 Curlin sigma S-dependent growth Possible assembly or transport protein for curli 50661 1619
csgG 23.7 Curlin sigma S-dependent growth Possible assembly or transport protein for curli; novel lipoprotein 50664 1619, 2612, 3725
csiA 85.3 Carbon starvation induced Stationary phase inducible protein 36892 4690
csiB 17.4 Carbon starvation induced Stationary phase inducible protein 36895 4690
csiC 66.0 Carbon starvation induced Stationary phase inducible protein 36898 4690
csiD 60.5 Carbon starvation induced Stationary phase inducible protein 36904 2775, 4690
csiE 57.4 Carbon starvation induced Stationary phase inducible protein 36901 2774, 4690
csiF 8.6 Carbon starvation induced Stationary phase inducible protein 36998 4690
cspA 80.1 Cold shock protein Cold shock protein CS7.4; similar to Y-box DNA binding proteins of eukaryotes; transcription factor 29540 1199, 1200, 1443, 1452, 194, 2019, 2046, 2473, 478, 4841a, 4347
cspB 35.3 Cold shock protein Cold shock protein with similarity to CspA 32231 1200, 2473
cspC 41.1 Cold shock protein msmB; multicopy suppresses mukB mutants 35339 2043, 2473, 4842
cspD 19.9 Cold shock protein Similarity to CspA but not cold shock induced 31688 2473, 4841
cspE 14.2 Cold shock protein msmC; with crcAB, high copy promotes or protects chromosome condensation 31528 1837, 4841, 4842