This Article
Right arrow Full Text (PDF)
Right arrow Alert me when this article is cited
Right arrow Alert me if a correction is posted
Services
Right arrow Similar articles in this journal
Right arrow Similar articles in PubMed
Right arrow Alert me to new issues of the journal
Right arrow Download to citation manager
Right arrowReprints and Permissions
Right arrow Copyright Information
Right arrow Books from ASM Press
Right arrow MicrobeWorld
Citing Articles
Right arrow Citing Articles via HighWire
Right arrow Citing Articles via Google Scholar
Google Scholar
Right arrow Articles by Silver, S
Right arrow Articles by Walderhaug, M
Right arrow Search for Related Content
PubMed
Right arrow PubMed Citation
Right arrow Articles by Silver, S
Right arrow Articles by Walderhaug, M

 Previous Article  |  Next Article 

Microbiol Mol Biol Rev. 1992 March; 56(1): 195-228

Gene regulation of plasmid- and chromosome-determined inorganic ion transport in bacteria.

S Silver and M Walderhaug

Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago 60680.

SUMMARY

Regulation of chromosomally determined nutrient cation and anion uptake systems shows important similarities to regulation of plasmid-determined toxic ion resistance systems that mediate the outward transport of deleterious ions. Chromosomally determined transport systems result in accumulation of K+, Mg2+, Fe3+, Mn2+, PO4(3-), SO4(2-), and additional trace nutrients, while bacterial plasmids harbor highly specific resistance systems for AsO2-, AsO4(3-), CrO4(2-), Cd2+, Co2+, Cu2+, Hg2+, Ni2+, SbO2-, TeO3(2-), Zn2+, and other toxic ions. To study the regulation of these systems, we need to define both the trans-acting regulatory proteins and the cis-acting target operator DNA regions for the proteins. The regulation of gene expression for K+ and PO4(3-) transport systems involves two-component sensor-effector pairs of proteins. The first protein responds to an extracellular ionic (or related) signal and then transmits the signal to an intracellular DNA-binding protein. Regulation of Fe3+ transport utilizes the single iron-binding and DNA-binding protein Fur. The MerR regulatory protein for mercury resistance both represses and activates transcription. The ArsR regulatory protein functions as a repressor for the arsenic and antimony(III) efflux system. Although the predicted cadR regulatory gene has not been identified, cadmium, lead, bismuth, zinc, and cobalt induce this system in a carefully regulated manner from a single mRNA start site. The cadA Cd2+ resistance determinant encodes an E1(1)-1E2-class efflux ATPase (consisting of two polypeptides, rather than the one earlier identified). Cadmium resistance is also conferred by the czc system (which confers resistances to zinc and cobalt in Alcaligenes species) via a complex efflux pump consisting of four polypeptides. These two cadmium efflux systems are not otherwise related. For chromate resistance, reduced cellular accumulation is again the resistance mechanism, but the regulatory components are not identified. For other toxic heavy metals (with few exceptions), there exist specific plasmid resistances that remain relatively terra incognita for future exploration of bioinorganic molecular genetics and gene regulation.

Microbiol Mol Biol Rev. 1992 March; 56(1): 195-228




This article has been cited by other articles:

  • Lefebvre, D. D., Kelly, D., Budd, K. (2007). Biotransformation of Hg(II) by Cyanobacteria. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 73: 243-249 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Kelly, D., Budd, K., Lefebvre, D. D. (2006). Mercury Analysis of Acid- and Alkaline-Reduced Biological Samples: Identification of meta-Cinnabar as the Major Biotransformed Compound in Algae. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 72: 361-367 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Ducey, T. F., Carson, M. B., Orvis, J., Stintzi, A. P., Dyer, D. W. (2005). Identification of the Iron-Responsive Genes of Neisseria gonorrhoeae by Microarray Analysis in Defined Medium. J. Bacteriol. 187: 4865-4874 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Moy, T. I., Mylonakis, E., Calderwood, S. B., Ausubel, F. M. (2004). Cytotoxicity of Hydrogen Peroxide Produced by Enterococcus faecium. Infect. Immun. 72: 4512-4520 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Wackett, L. P., Dodge, A. G., Ellis, L. B. M. (2004). Microbial Genomics and the Periodic Table. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 70: 647-655 [Full Text]  
  • Kjargaard, K., Schembri, M. A., Klemm, P. (2001). Novel Zn2+-Chelating Peptides Selected from a Fimbria-Displayed Random Peptide Library. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 67: 5467-5473 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Lee, S.-W., Glickmann, E., Cooksey, D. A. (2001). Chromosomal Locus for Cadmium Resistance in Pseudomonas putida Consisting of a Cadmium-Transporting ATPase and a MerR Family Response Regulator. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 67: 1437-1444 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Butcher, B. G., Deane, S. M., Rawlings, D. E. (2000). The Chromosomal Arsenic Resistance Genes of Thiobacillus ferrooxidans Have an Unusual Arrangement and Confer Increased Arsenic and Antimony Resistance to Escherichia coli. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 66: 1826-1833 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Yoneyama, H., Maseda, H., Kamiguchi, H., Nakae, T. (2000). Function of the Membrane Fusion Protein, MexA, of the MexA, B-OprM Efflux Pump in Pseudomonas aeruginosa without an Anchoring Membrane. J. Biol. Chem. 275: 4628-4634 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Dugourd, D., Martin, C., Rioux, C. R., Jacques, M., Harel, J. (1999). Characterization of a Periplasmic ATP-Binding Cassette Iron Import System of Brachyspira (Serpulina) hyodysenteriae. J. Bacteriol. 181: 6948-6957 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Gupta, A., Phung, L. T., Chakravarty, L., Silver, S. (1999). Mercury Resistance in Bacillus cereus RC607: Transcriptional Organization and Two New Open Reading Frames. J. Bacteriol. 181: 7080-7086 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Crupper, S. S., Worrell, V., Stewart, G. C., Iandolo, J. J. (1999). Cloning and Expression of cadD, a New Cadmium Resistance Gene of Staphylococcus aureus. J. Bacteriol. 181: 4071-4075 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • De Pina, K., Desjardin, V., Mandrand-Berthelot, M.-A., Giordano, G., Wu, L.-F. (1999). Isolation and Characterization of the nikR Gene Encoding a Nickel-Responsive Regulator in Escherichia coli. J. Bacteriol. 181: 670-674 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Chai, S., Welch, T. J., Crosa, J. H. (1998). Characterization of the Interaction between Fur and the Iron Transport Promoter of the Virulence Plasmid in Vibrio anguillarum. J. Biol. Chem. 273: 33841-33847 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Kakinuma, Y. (1998). Inorganic Cation Transport and Energy Transduction in Enterococcus hirae and Other Streptococci. Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev. 62: 1021-1045 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Gaballa, A., Helmann, J. D. (1998). Identification of a Zinc-Specific Metalloregulatory Protein, Zur, Controlling Zinc Transport Operons in Bacillus subtilis. J. Bacteriol. 180: 5815-5821 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Nishimura, K., Igarashi, K., Kakinuma, Y. (1998). Proton Gradient-Driven Nickel Uptake by Vacuolar Membrane Vesicles of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J. Bacteriol. 180: 1962-1964 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Bayle, D., Wängler, S., Weitzenegger, T., Steinhilber, W., Volz, J., Przybylski, M., Schäfer, K. P., Sachs, G., Melchers, K. (1998). Properties of the P-Type ATPases Encoded by the copAP Operons of Helicobacter pylori and Helicobacter felis. J. Bacteriol. 180: 317-329 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Roberts, M.C. (1998). Antibiotic Resistance in Oral/Respiratory Bacteria. CROBM 9: 522-540 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Lu, D., Boyd, B., Lingwood, C. A. (1997). Identification of the Key Protein for Zinc Uptake in Hemophilus influenzae. J. Biol. Chem. 272: 29033-29038 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Komeda, H., Kobayashi, M., Shimizu, S. (1997). A novel transporter involved in cobalt uptake. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 94: 36-41 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Nikaido, H (1994). Prevention of drug access to bacterial targets: permeability barriers and active efflux. Science 264: 382-388 [Abstract]  
  • O'Halloran, T. (1993). Transition metals in control of gene expression. Science 261: 715-725 [Abstract]  
  • Sarin, J., Aggarwal, S., Chaba, R., Varshney, G. C., Chakraborti, P. K. (2001). B-subunit of Phosphate-specific Transporter from Mycobacterium tuberculosis Is a Thermostable ATPase. J. Biol. Chem. 276: 44590-44597 [Abstract] [Full Text]  


Copyright © 2009 by the American Society for Microbiology.   For an alternate route to Journals.ASM.org, visit: http://intl-journals.asm.org | More Info»