This Article
Right arrow Full Text (PDF)
Right arrow Alert me when this article is cited
Right arrow Alert me if a correction is posted
Services
Right arrow Similar articles in this journal
Right arrow Similar articles in PubMed
Right arrow Alert me to new issues of the journal
Right arrow Download to citation manager
Right arrowReprints and Permissions
Right arrow Copyright Information
Right arrow Books from ASM Press
Right arrow MicrobeWorld
Citing Articles
Right arrow Citing Articles via HighWire
Right arrow Citing Articles via Google Scholar
Google Scholar
Right arrow Articles by Strauss, J H
Right arrow Articles by Strauss, E G
Right arrow Search for Related Content
PubMed
Right arrow PubMed Citation
Right arrow Articles by Strauss, J H
Right arrow Articles by Strauss, E G

 Previous Article  |  Next Article 

Microbiol Mol Biol Rev. 1994 September; 58(3): 491-562

The alphaviruses: gene expression, replication, and evolution.

J H Strauss and E G Strauss

Division of Biology, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena 91125.

SUMMARY

The alphaviruses are a genus of 26 enveloped viruses that cause disease in humans and domestic animals. Mosquitoes or other hematophagous arthropods serve as vectors for these viruses. The complete sequences of the +/- 11.7-kb plus-strand RNA genomes of eight alphaviruses have been determined, and partial sequences are known for several others; this has made possible evolutionary comparisons between different alphaviruses as well as comparisons of this group of viruses with other animal and plant viruses. Full-length cDNA clones from which infectious RNA can be recovered have been constructed for four alphaviruses; these clones have facilitated many molecular genetic studies as well as the development of these viruses as expression vectors. From these and studies involving biochemical approaches, many details of the replication cycle of the alphaviruses are known. The interactions of the viruses with host cells and host organisms have been exclusively studied, and the molecular basis of virulence and recovery from viral infection have been addressed in a large number of recent papers. The structure of the viruses has been determined to about 2.5 nm, making them the best-characterized enveloped virus to date. Because of the wealth of data that has appeared, these viruses represent a well-characterized system that tell us much about the evolution of RNA viruses, their replication, and their interactions with their hosts. This review summarizes our current knowledge of this group of viruses.

Microbiol Mol Biol Rev. 1994 September; 58(3): 491-562




This article has been cited by other articles:

  • Smith, D. R., Lee, J. S., Jahrling, J., Kulesh, D. A., Turell, M. J., Groebner, J. L., O'Guinn, M. L. (2009). Development of Field-Based Real-Time Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction Assays for Detection of Chikungunya and O'nyong-nyong Viruses in Mosquitoes. Am J Trop Med Hyg 81: 679-684 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Frolov, I., Garmashova, N., Atasheva, S., Frolova, E. I. (2009). Random Insertion Mutagenesis of Sindbis Virus Nonstructural Protein 2 and Selection of Variants Incapable of Downregulating Cellular Transcription. J. Virol. 83: 9031-9044 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Mai, J., Sawicki, S. G., Sawicki, D. L. (2009). Fate of Minus-Strand Templates and Replication Complexes Produced by a P23-Cleavage-Defective Mutant of Sindbis Virus. J. Virol. 83: 8553-8564 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Kulasegaran-Shylini, R., Atasheva, S., Gorenstein, D. G., Frolov, I. (2009). Structural and Functional Elements of the Promoter Encoded by the 5' Untranslated Region of the Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis Virus Genome. J. Virol. 83: 8327-8339 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Lin, J.-Y., Shih, S.-R., Pan, M., Li, C., Lue, C.-F., Stollar, V., Li, M.-L. (2009). hnRNP A1 Interacts with the 5' Untranslated Regions of Enterovirus 71 and Sindbis Virus RNA and Is Required for Viral Replication. J. Virol. 83: 6106-6114 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Attarzadeh-Yazdi, G., Fragkoudis, R., Chi, Y., Siu, R. W. C., Ulper, L., Barry, G., Rodriguez-Andres, J., Nash, A. A., Bouloy, M., Merits, A., Fazakerley, J. K., Kohl, A. (2009). Cell-to-Cell Spread of the RNA Interference Response Suppresses Semliki Forest Virus (SFV) Infection of Mosquito Cell Cultures and Cannot Be Antagonized by SFV. J. Virol. 83: 5735-5748 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Knight, R. L., Schultz, K. L. W., Kent, R. J., Venkatesan, M., Griffin, D. E. (2009). Role of N-Linked Glycosylation for Sindbis Virus Infection and Replication in Vertebrate and Invertebrate Systems. J. Virol. 83: 5640-5647 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Matsuda, W., Furuta, T., Nakamura, K. C., Hioki, H., Fujiyama, F., Arai, R., Kaneko, T. (2009). Single Nigrostriatal Dopaminergic Neurons Form Widely Spread and Highly Dense Axonal Arborizations in the Neostriatum. J. Neurosci. 29: 444-453 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Myles, K. M., Wiley, M. R., Morazzani, E. M., Adelman, Z. N. (2008). From the Cover: Alphavirus-derived small RNAs modulate pathogenesis in disease vector mosquitoes. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 105: 19938-19943 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Wang, H., Blair, C. D., Olson, K. E., Clem, R. J. (2008). Effects of inducing or inhibiting apoptosis on Sindbis virus replication in mosquito cells. J. Gen. Virol. 89: 2651-2661 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Gardner, C. L., Burke, C. W., Tesfay, M. Z., Glass, P. J., Klimstra, W. B., Ryman, K. D. (2008). Eastern and Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis Viruses Differ in Their Ability To Infect Dendritic Cells and Macrophages: Impact of Altered Cell Tropism on Pathogenesis. J. Virol. 82: 10634-10646 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Ng, C. G., Coppens, I., Govindarajan, D., Pisciotta, J., Shulaev, V., Griffin, D. E. (2008). Effect of host cell lipid metabolism on alphavirus replication, virion morphogenesis, and infectivity. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 105: 16326-16331 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Gorchakov, R., Garmashova, N., Frolova, E., Frolov, I. (2008). Different Types of nsP3-Containing Protein Complexes in Sindbis Virus-Infected Cells. J. Virol. 82: 10088-10101 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Lulla, V., Sawicki, D. L., Sawicki, S. G., Lulla, A., Merits, A., Ahola, T. (2008). Molecular Defects Caused by Temperature-Sensitive Mutations in Semliki Forest Virus nsP1. J. Virol. 82: 9236-9244 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Nishimoto, K. P., Laust, A. K., Nelson, E. L. (2008). A Human Dendritic Cell Subset Receptive to the Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis Virus-Derived Replicon Particle Constitutively Expresses IL-32. J. Immunol. 181: 4010-4018 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Padhi, A., Moore, A. T., Brown, M. B., Foster, J. E., Pfeffer, M., Gaines, K. P., O'Brien, V. A., Strickler, S. A., Johnson, A. E., Brown, C. R. (2008). Phylogeographical structure and evolutionary history of two Buggy Creek virus lineages in the western Great Plains of North America. J. Gen. Virol. 89: 2122-2131 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Mayuri, , Geders, T. W., Smith, J. L., Kuhn, R. J. (2008). Role for Conserved Residues of Sindbis Virus Nonstructural Protein 2 Methyltransferase-Like Domain in Regulation of Minus-Strand Synthesis and Development of Cytopathic Infection. J. Virol. 82: 7284-7297 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Aguilar, P. V., Leung, L. W., Wang, E., Weaver, S. C., Basler, C. F. (2008). A Five-Amino-Acid Deletion of the Eastern Equine Encephalitis Virus Capsid Protein Attenuates Replication in Mammalian Systems but Not in Mosquito Cells. J. Virol. 82: 6972-6983 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Li, M.-L., Kwan, T.-Y., Simmonds, H. A., Stollar, V. (2008). Synthesis of Genomic and Subgenomic RNA in Mosquito Cells Infected with Two Sindbis Virus nsP4 Mutants: Influence of Intracellular Nucleoside Triphosphate Concentrations. J. Virol. 82: 6880-6888 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Gorchakov, R., Frolova, E., Sawicki, S., Atasheva, S., Sawicki, D., Frolov, I. (2008). A New Role for ns Polyprotein Cleavage in Sindbis Virus Replication. J. Virol. 82: 6218-6231 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Zhai, Y.-g., Wang, H.-Y., Sun, X.-h., Fu, S.-h., Wang, H.-q., Attoui, H., Tang, Q., Liang, G.-d. (2008). Complete sequence characterization of isolates of Getah virus (genus Alphavirus, family Togaviridae) from China. J. Gen. Virol. 89: 1446-1456 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Aguilar, P. V., Adams, A. P., Wang, E., Kang, W., Carrara, A.-S., Anishchenko, M., Frolov, I., Weaver, S. C. (2008). Structural and Nonstructural Protein Genome Regions of Eastern Equine Encephalitis Virus Are Determinants of Interferon Sensitivity and Murine Virulence. J. Virol. 82: 4920-4930 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Coffey, L. L., Vasilakis, N., Brault, A. C., Powers, A. M., Tripet, F., Weaver, S. C. (2008). Arbovirus evolution in vivo is constrained by host alternation. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 105: 6970-6975 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Warrier, R., Linger, B. R., Golden, B. L., Kuhn, R. J. (2008). Role of Sindbis Virus Capsid Protein Region II in Nucleocapsid Core Assembly and Encapsidation of Genomic RNA. J. Virol. 82: 4461-4470 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Atasheva, S., Garmashova, N., Frolov, I., Frolova, E. (2008). Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis Virus Capsid Protein Inhibits Nuclear Import in Mammalian but Not in Mosquito Cells. J. Virol. 82: 4028-4041 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Jain, M., Rai, S., Chakravarti, A. (2008). Chikungunya: a review. Trop Doct 38: 70-72 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Forsbach, A., Nemorin, J.-G., Montino, C., Muller, C., Samulowitz, U., Vicari, A. P., Jurk, M., Mutwiri, G. K., Krieg, A. M., Lipford, G. B., Vollmer, J. (2008). Identification of RNA Sequence Motifs Stimulating Sequence-Specific TLR8-Dependent Immune Responses. J. Immunol. 180: 3729-3738 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Tamm, K., Merits, A., Sarand, I. (2008). Mutations in the nuclear localization signal of nsP2 influencing RNA synthesis, protein expression and cytotoxicity of Semliki Forest virus. J. Gen. Virol. 89: 676-686 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Annamalai, P., Rofail, F., DeMason, D. A., Rao, A. L. N. (2008). Replication-Coupled Packaging Mechanism in Positive-Strand RNA Viruses: Synchronized Coexpression of Functional Multigenome RNA Components of an Animal and a Plant Virus in Nicotiana benthamiana Cells by Agroinfiltration. J. Virol. 82: 1484-1495 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Garneau, N. L., Sokoloski, K. J., Opyrchal, M., Neff, C. P., Wilusz, C. J., Wilusz, J. (2008). The 3' Untranslated Region of Sindbis Virus Represses Deadenylation of Viral Transcripts in Mosquito and Mammalian Cells. J. Virol. 82: 880-892 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Rosas, C. T., Paessler, S., Ni, H., Osterrieder, N. (2008). Protection of Mice by Equine Herpesvirus Type 1 Based Experimental Vaccine against Lethal Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis Virus Infection in the Absence of Neutralizing Antibodies. Am J Trop Med Hyg 78: 83-92 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Garmashova, N., Atasheva, S., Kang, W., Weaver, S. C., Frolova, E., Frolov, I. (2007). Analysis of Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis Virus Capsid Protein Function in the Inhibition of Cellular Transcription. J. Virol. 81: 13552-13565 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Ljungberg, K., Whitmore, A. C., Fluet, M. E., Moran, T. P., Shabman, R. S., Collier, M. L., Kraus, A. A., Thompson, J. M., Montefiori, D. C., Beard, C., Johnston, R. E. (2007). Increased Immunogenicity of a DNA-Launched Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis Virus-Based Replicon DNA Vaccine. J. Virol. 81: 13412-13423 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • MacDonald, M. R., Machlin, E. S., Albin, O. R., Levy, D. E. (2007). The Zinc Finger Antiviral Protein Acts Synergistically with an Interferon-Induced Factor for Maximal Activity against Alphaviruses. J. Virol. 81: 13509-13518 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Jakubiec, A., Drugeon, G., Camborde, L., Jupin, I. (2007). Proteolytic Processing of Turnip Yellow Mosaic Virus Replication Proteins and Functional Impact on Infectivity. J. Virol. 81: 11402-11412 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Montgomery, S. A., Johnston, R. E. (2007). Nuclear Import and Export of Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis Virus Nonstructural Protein 2. J. Virol. 81: 10268-10279 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Mittal, A., Mittal, S., Bharati, M. J., Ramakrishnan, R., Saravanan, S., Sathe, P. S. (2007). Optic Neuritis Associated With Chikungunya Virus Infection in South India. Arch Ophthalmol 125: 1381-1386 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Misra, M., Schein, C. H. (2007). Flavitrack: an annotated database of flavivirus sequences. Bioinformatics 23: 2645-2647 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Carletti, F., Bordi, L., Chiappini, R., Ippolito, G., Sciarrone, M. R., Capobianchi, M. R., Di Caro, A., Castilletti, C. (2007). Rapid Detection and Quantification of Chikungunya Virus by a One-Step Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction Real-Time Assay. Am J Trop Med Hyg 77: 521-524 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Breakwell, L., Dosenovic, P., Karlsson Hedestam, G. B., D'Amato, M., Liljestrom, P., Fazakerley, J., McInerney, G. M. (2007). Semliki Forest Virus Nonstructural Protein 2 Is Involved in Suppression of the Type I Interferon Response. J. Virol. 81: 8677-8684 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Deuber, S. A., Pavlovic, J. (2007). Virulence of a mouse-adapted Semliki Forest virus strain is associated with reduced susceptibility to interferon. J. Gen. Virol. 88: 1952-1959 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Zusinaite, E., Tints, K., Kiiver, K., Spuul, P., Karo-Astover, L., Merits, A., Sarand, I. (2007). Mutations at the palmitoylation site of non-structural protein nsP1 of Semliki Forest virus attenuate virus replication and cause accumulation of compensatory mutations. J. Gen. Virol. 88: 1977-1985 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Sanz, M. A., Castello, A., Carrasco, L. (2007). Viral Translation Is Coupled to Transcription in Sindbis Virus-Infected Cells. J. Virol. 81: 7061-7068 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Berglund, P., Finzi, D., Bennink, J. R., Yewdell, J. W. (2007). Viral Alteration of Cellular Translational Machinery Increases Defective Ribosomal Products. J. Virol. 81: 7220-7229 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Whitehurst, C. B., Soderblom, E. J., West, M. L., Hernandez, R., Goshe, M. B., Brown, D. T. (2007). Location and Role of Free Cysteinyl Residues in the Sindbis Virus E1 and E2 Glycoproteins. J. Virol. 81: 6231-6240 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Atasheva, S., Gorchakov, R., English, R., Frolov, I., Frolova, E. (2007). Development of Sindbis Viruses Encoding nsP2/GFP Chimeric Proteins and Their Application for Studying nsP2 Functioning. J. Virol. 81: 5046-5057 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Pierro, D. J., Powers, E. L., Olson, K. E. (2007). Genetic determinants of Sindbis virus strain TR339 affecting midgut infection in the mosquito Aedes aegypti. J. Gen. Virol. 88: 1545-1554 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Aguilar, P. V., Weaver, S. C., Basler, C. F. (2007). Capsid Protein of Eastern Equine Encephalitis Virus Inhibits Host Cell Gene Expression. J. Virol. 81: 3866-3876 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Li, M.-L., Stollar, V. (2007). Distinct Sites on the Sindbis Virus RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase for Binding to the Promoters for the Synthesis of Genomic and Subgenomic RNA. J. Virol. 81: 4371-4373 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Tamberg, N., Lulla, V., Fragkoudis, R., Lulla, A., Fazakerley, J. K., Merits, A. (2007). Insertion of EGFP into the replicase gene of Semliki Forest virus results in a novel, genetically stable marker virus. J. Gen. Virol. 88: 1225-1230 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • NI, H., YUN, N. E., ZACKS, M. A., WEAVER, S. C., TESH, R. B., DA ROSA, A. P. T., POWERS, A. M., FROLOV, I., PAESSLER, S. (2007). RECOMBINANT ALPHAVIRUSES ARE SAFE AND USEFUL SEROLOGICAL DIAGNOSTIC TOOLS. Am J Trop Med Hyg 76: 774-781 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Balistreri, G., Caldentey, J., Kaariainen, L., Ahola, T. (2007). Enzymatic Defects of the nsP2 Proteins of Semliki Forest Virus Temperature-Sensitive Mutants. J. Virol. 81: 2849-2860 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Garmashova, N., Gorchakov, R., Volkova, E., Paessler, S., Frolova, E., Frolov, I. (2007). The Old World and New World Alphaviruses Use Different Virus-Specific Proteins for Induction of Transcriptional Shutoff. J. Virol. 81: 2472-2484 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Shabman, R. S., Morrison, T. E., Moore, C., White, L., Suthar, M. S., Hueston, L., Rulli, N., Lidbury, B., Ting, J. P.-Y., Mahalingam, S., Heise, M. T. (2007). Differential Induction of Type I Interferon Responses in Myeloid Dendritic Cells by Mosquito and Mammalian-Cell-Derived Alphaviruses. J. Virol. 81: 237-247 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Ng, C. G., Griffin, D. E. (2006). Acid Sphingomyelinase Deficiency Increases Susceptibility to Fatal Alphavirus Encephalomyelitis. J. Virol. 80: 10989-10999 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Simmonds, P. (2006). Recombination and Selection in the Evolution of Picornaviruses and Other Mammalian Positive-Stranded RNA Viruses. J. Virol. 80: 11124-11140 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Pfeffer, M., Foster, J. E., Edwards, E. A., Brown, M. B., Komar, N., Brown, C. R. (2006). Phylogenetic Analysis of Buggy Creek Virus: Evidence for Multiple Clades in the Western Great Plains, United States of America. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 72: 6886-6893 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Cristea, I. M., Carroll, J.-W. N., Rout, M. P., Rice, C. M., Chait, B. T., MacDonald, M. R. (2006). Tracking and Elucidating Alphavirus-Host Protein Interactions. J. Biol. Chem. 281: 30269-30278 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Piver, E., Collin, C., Renault, N., Bru, T., Pages, J.-C. (2006). Mobilization of Full-Length Semliki Forest Virus Replicon by Retrovirus Particles. J. Virol. 80: 9889-9895 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Tomar, S., Hardy, R. W., Smith, J. L., Kuhn, R. J. (2006). Catalytic Core of Alphavirus Nonstructural Protein nsP4 Possesses Terminal Adenylyltransferase Activity.. J. Virol. 80: 9962-9969 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Hong, E. M., Perera, R., Kuhn, R. J. (2006). Alphavirus capsid protein helix I controls a checkpoint in nucleocapsid core assembly.. J. Virol. 80: 8848-8855 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Nagata, L. P., Hu, W.-G., Parker, M., Chau, D., Rayner, G. A., Schmaltz, F. L., Wong, J. P. (2006). Infectivity variation and genetic diversity among strains of Western equine encephalitis virus.. J. Gen. Virol. 87: 2353-2361 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Montgomery, S. A., Berglund, P., Beard, C. W., Johnston, R. E. (2006). Ribosomal protein s6 associates with alphavirus nonstructural protein 2 and mediates expression from alphavirus messages.. J. Virol. 80: 7729-7739 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Vaha-Koskela, M. J.V., Kallio, J. P., Jansson, L. C., Heikkila, J. E., Zakhartchenko, V. A., Kallajoki, M. A., Kahari, V.-M., Hinkkanen, A. E. (2006). Oncolytic capacity of attenuated replicative semliki forest virus in human melanoma xenografts in severe combined immunodeficient mice.. Cancer Res. 66: 7185-7194 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Jacob-Wilk, D., Turina, M., Van Alfen, N. K. (2006). Mycovirus Cryphonectria Hypovirus 1 Elements Cofractionate with trans-Golgi Network Membranes of the Fungal Host Cryphonectria parasitica.. J. Virol. 80: 6588-6596 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Lulla, A., Lulla, V., Tints, K., Ahola, T., Merits, A. (2006). Molecular determinants of substrate specificity for semliki forest virus nonstructural protease.. J. Virol. 80: 5413-5422 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Garmashova, N., Gorchakov, R., Frolova, E., Frolov, I. (2006). Sindbis Virus Nonstructural Protein nsP2 Is Cytotoxic and Inhibits Cellular Transcription.. J. Virol. 80: 5686-5696 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • West, J., Hernandez, R., Ferreira, D., Brown, D. T. (2006). Mutations in the Endodomain of Sindbis Virus Glycoprotein E2 Define Sequences Critical for Virus Assembly. J. Virol. 80: 4458-4468 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Myles, K. M., Kelly, C. L. H., Ledermann, J. P., Powers, A. M. (2006). Effects of an Opal Termination Codon Preceding the nsP4 Gene Sequence in the O'Nyong-Nyong Virus Genome on Anopheles gambiae Infectivity.. J. Virol. 80: 4992-4997 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Galbraith, S. E., Sheahan, B. J., Atkins, G. J. (2006). Deletions in the hypervariable domain of the nsP3 gene attenuate Semliki Forest virus virulence.. J. Gen. Virol. 87: 937-947 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Moriette, C., LeBerre, M., Lamoureux, A., Lai, T.-L., Bremont, M. (2006). Recovery of a recombinant salmonid alphavirus fully attenuated and protective for rainbow trout.. J. Virol. 80: 4088-4098 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Frolova, E., Gorchakov, R., Garmashova, N., Atasheva, S., Vergara, L. A., Frolov, I. (2006). Formation of nsP3-Specific Protein Complexes during Sindbis Virus Replication.. J. Virol. 80: 4122-4134 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • VANLANDINGHAM, D. L., TSETSARKIN, K., KLINGLER, K. A., HONG, C., MCELROY, K. L., LEHANE, M. J., HIGGS, S. (2006). DETERMINANTS OF VECTOR SPECIFICITY OF O'NYONG NYONG AND CHIKUNGUNYA VIRUSES IN ANOPHELES AND AEDES MOSQUITOES. Am J Trop Med Hyg 74: 663-669 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Anishchenko, M., Bowen, R. A., Paessler, S., Austgen, L., Greene, I. P., Weaver, S. C. (2006). From the Cover: Venezuelan encephalitis emergence mediated by a phylogenetically predicted viral mutation. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 103: 4994-4999 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Paessler, S., Ni, H., Petrakova, O., Fayzulin, R. Z., Yun, N., Anishchenko, M., Weaver, S. C., Frolov, I. (2006). Replication and Clearance of Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis Virus from the Brains of Animals Vaccinated with Chimeric SIN/VEE Viruses. J. Virol. 80: 2784-2796 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Edgil, D., Polacek, C., Harris, E. (2006). Dengue Virus Utilizes a Novel Strategy for Translation Initiation When Cap-Dependent Translation Is Inhibited. J. Virol. 80: 2976-2986 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Thompson, J. M., Whitmore, A. C., Konopka, J. L., Collier, M. L., Richmond, E. M. B., Davis, N. L., Staats, H. F., Johnston, R. E. (2006). Mucosal and systemic adjuvant activity of alphavirus replicon particles. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 103: 3722-3727 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • West, J., Brown, D. T. (2006). Role of a conserved tripeptide in the endodomain of Sindbis virus glycoprotein E2 in virus assembly and function.. J. Gen. Virol. 87: 657-664 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Thomas, C. E., Zhu, W., Van Dam, C. N., Davis, N. L., Johnston, R. E., Sparling, P. F. (2006). Vaccination of Mice with Gonococcal TbpB Expressed In Vivo from Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis Viral Replicon Particles. Infect. Immun. 74: 1612-1620 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Guan, M., Rodriguez-Madoz, J. R., Alzuguren, P., Gomar, C., Kramer, M. G., Kochanek, S., Prieto, J., Smerdou, C., Qian, C. (2006). Increased Efficacy and Safety in the Treatment of Experimental Liver Cancer with a Novel Adenovirus-Alphavirus Hybrid Vector. Cancer Res. 66: 1620-1629 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Ventoso, I., Sanz, M. A., Molina, S., Berlanga, J. J., Carrasco, L., Esteban, M. (2006). Translational resistance of late alphavirus mRNA to eIF2{alpha} phosphorylation: a strategy to overcome the antiviral effect of protein kinase PKR. Genes Dev. 20: 87-100 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Greene, I. P., Wang, E., Deardorff, E. R., Milleron, R., Domingo, E., Weaver, S. C. (2005). Effect of Alternating Passage on Adaptation of Sindbis Virus to Vertebrate and Invertebrate Cells. J. Virol. 79: 14253-14260 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Gallei, A., Orlich, M., Thiel, H.-J., Becher, P. (2005). Noncytopathogenic Pestivirus Strains Generated by Nonhomologous RNA Recombination: Alterations in the NS4A/NS4B Coding Region. J. Virol. 79: 14261-14270 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Aguilar, P. V., Paessler, S., Carrara, A.-S., Baron, S., Poast, J., Wang, E., Moncayo, A. C., Anishchenko, M., Watts, D., Tesh, R. B., Weaver, S. C. (2005). Variation in Interferon Sensitivity and Induction among Strains of Eastern Equine Encephalitis Virus. J. Virol. 79: 11300-11310 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Gorchakov, R., Frolova, E., Frolov, I. (2005). Inhibition of Transcription and Translation in Sindbis Virus-Infected Cells. J. Virol. 79: 9397-9409 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • McInerney, G. M., Kedersha, N. L., Kaufman, R. J., Anderson, P., Liljestrom, P. (2005). Importance of eIF2{alpha} Phosphorylation and Stress Granule Assembly in Alphavirus Translation Regulation. Mol. Biol. Cell 16: 3753-3763 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Greene, I. P., Paessler, S., Austgen, L., Anishchenko, M., Brault, A. C., Bowen, R. A., Weaver, S. C. (2005). Envelope Glycoprotein Mutations Mediate Equine Amplification and Virulence of Epizootic Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis Virus. J. Virol. 79: 9128-9133 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Chiu, W.-W., Kinney, R. M., Dreher, T. W. (2005). Control of Translation by the 5'- and 3'-Terminal Regions of the Dengue Virus Genome. J. Virol. 79: 8303-8315 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Petrakova, O., Volkova, E., Gorchakov, R., Paessler, S., Kinney, R. M., Frolov, I. (2005). Noncytopathic Replication of Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis Virus and Eastern Equine Encephalitis Virus Replicons in Mammalian Cells. J. Virol. 79: 7597-7608 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Onate, A. A., Donoso, G., Moraga-Cid, G., Folch, H., Cespedes, S., Andrews, E. (2005). An RNA Vaccine Based on Recombinant Semliki Forest Virus Particles Expressing the Cu,Zn Superoxide Dismutase Protein of Brucella abortus Induces Protective Immunity in BALB/c Mice. Infect. Immun. 73: 3294-3300 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Klein, K. C., Dellos, S. R., Lingappa, J. R. (2005). Identification of Residues in the Hepatitis C Virus Core Protein That Are Critical for Capsid Assembly in a Cell-Free System. J. Virol. 79: 6814-6826 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • WANG, E., PAESSLER, S., AGUILAR, P. V., SMITH, D. R., COFFEY, L. L., KANG, W., PFEFFER, M., OLSON, J., BLAIR, P. J., GUEVARA, C., ESTRADA-FRANCO, J., WEAVER, S. C. (2005). A NOVEL, RAPID ASSAY FOR DETECTION AND DIFFERENTIATION OF SEROTYPE-SPECIFIC ANTIBODIES TO VENEZUELAN EQUINE ENCEPHALITIS COMPLEX ALPHAVIRUSES. Am J Trop Med Hyg 72: 805-810 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Hardy, R. W., Rice, C. M. (2005). Requirements at the 3' End of the Sindbis Virus Genome for Efficient Synthesis of Minus-Strand RNA. J. Virol. 79: 4630-4639 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Suthar, M. S., Shabman, R., Madric, K., Lambeth, C., Heise, M. T. (2005). Identification of Adult Mouse Neurovirulence Determinants of the Sindbis Virus Strain AR86. J. Virol. 79: 4219-4228 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Vernon, P. S., Griffin, D. E. (2005). Characterization of an In Vitro Model of Alphavirus Infection of Immature and Mature Neurons. J. Virol. 79: 3438-3447 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Zhang, Z., Burke, J. M. (2005). Inhibition of Viral Replication by Ribozyme: Mutational Analysis of the Site and Mechanism of Antiviral Activity. J. Virol. 79: 3728-3736 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • GREENE, I. P., PAESSLER, S., ANISHCHENKO, M., SMITH, D. R., BRAULT, A. C., FROLOV, I., WEAVER, S. C. (2005). VENEZUELAN EQUINE ENCEPHALITIS VIRUS IN THE GUINEA PIG MODEL: EVIDENCE FOR EPIZOOTIC VIRULENCE DETERMINANTS OUTSIDE THE E2 ENVELOPE GLYCOPROTEIN GENE. Am J Trop Med Hyg 72: 330-338 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Ryman, K. D., Meier, K. C., Nangle, E. M., Ragsdale, S. L., Korneeva, N. L., Rhoads, R. E., MacDonald, M. R., Klimstra, W. B. (2005). Sindbis Virus Translation Is Inhibited by a PKR/RNase L-Independent Effector Induced by Alpha/Beta Interferon Priming of Dendritic Cells. J. Virol. 79: 1487-1499 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Strang, B. L., Takeuchi, Y., Relander, T., Richter, J., Bailey, R., Sanders, D. A., Collins, M. K. L., Ikeda, Y. (2005). Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Vectors with Alphavirus Envelope Glycoproteins Produced from Stable Packaging Cells. J. Virol. 79: 1765-1771 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Rheme, C., Ehrengruber, M. U., Grandgirard, D. (2005). Alphaviral cytotoxicity and its implication in vector development. Exp Physiol 90: 45-52 [Abstract] [Full Text]  


Copyright © 2009 by the American Society for Microbiology.   For an alternate route to Journals.ASM.org, visit: http://intl-journals.asm.org | More Info»