This Article
Right arrow Full Text (PDF)
Right arrow Alert me when this article is cited
Right arrow Alert me if a correction is posted
Services
Right arrow Similar articles in this journal
Right arrow Similar articles in PubMed
Right arrow Alert me to new issues of the journal
Right arrow Download to citation manager
Right arrowReprints and Permissions
Right arrow Copyright Information
Right arrow Books from ASM Press
Right arrow MicrobeWorld
Citing Articles
Right arrow Citing Articles via HighWire
Right arrow Citing Articles via Google Scholar
Google Scholar
Right arrow Articles by van Rhijn, P.
Right arrow Articles by Vanderleyden, J.
Right arrow Search for Related Content
PubMed
Right arrow PubMed Citation
Right arrow Articles by van Rhijn, P.
Right arrow Articles by Vanderleyden, J.

 Previous Article  |  Next Article 

Microbiol. Rev., Mar 1995, 124-142, Vol 59, No. 1
Copyright © 1995, American Society for Microbiology

The Rhizobium-plant symbiosis

P van Rhijn and J Vanderleyden
F.A. Janssens Laboratory of Genetics, KU Leuven, Heverlee, Belgium.

Rhizobium, Bradyrhizobium, and Azorhizobium species are able to elicit the formation of unique structures, called nodules, on the roots or stems of the leguminous host. In these nodules, the rhizobia convert atmospheric N2 into ammonia for the plant. To establish this symbiosis, signals are produced early in the interaction between plant and rhizobia and they elicit discrete responses by the two symbiotic partners. First, transcription of the bacterial nodulation (nod) genes is under control of the NodD regulatory protein, which is activated by specific plant signals, flavonoids, present in the root exudates. In return, the nod-encoded enzymes are involved in the synthesis and excretion of specific lipooligosaccharides, which are able to trigger on the host plant the organogenic program leading to the formation of nodules. An overview of the organization, regulation, and function of the nod genes and their participation in the determination of the host specificity is presented.


This article has been cited by other articles:

  • Mishima, E., Hosokawa, A., Imaizumi-Anraku, H., Saito, K., Kawaguchi, M., Saeki, K. (2008). Requirement for Mesorhizobium loti Ornithine Transcarbamoylase for Successful Symbiosis with Lotus japonicus as Revealed by an Unexpected Long-Range Genome Deletion. Plant Cell Physiol 49: 301-313 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Hoang, H. H., Gurich, N., Gonzalez, J. E. (2008). Regulation of Motility by the ExpR/Sin Quorum-Sensing System in Sinorhizobium meliloti. J. Bacteriol. 190: 861-871 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Wang, C., Saldanha, M., Sheng, X., Shelswell, K. J., Walsh, K. T., Sobral, B. W. S., Charles, T. C. (2007). Roles of poly-3-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) and glycogen in symbiosis of Sinorhizobium meliloti with Medicago sp.. Microbiology 153: 388-398 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Townsend, G. E. II, Forsberg, L. S., Keating, D. H. (2006). Mesorhizobium loti Produces nodPQ-Dependent Sulfated Cell Surface Polysaccharides. J. Bacteriol. 188: 8560-8572 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Gibson, K. E., Campbell, G. R., Lloret, J., Walker, G. C. (2006). CbrA Is a Stationary-Phase Regulator of Cell Surface Physiology and Legume Symbiosis in Sinorhizobium meliloti.. J. Bacteriol. 188: 4508-4521 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Stiens, M., Schneiker, S., Keller, M., Kuhn, S., Puhler, A., Schluter, A. (2006). Sequence Analysis of the 144-Kilobase Accessory Plasmid pSmeSM11a, Isolated from a Dominant Sinorhizobium meliloti Strain Identified during a Long-Term Field Release Experiment.. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 72: 3662-3672 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Zhang, X.-S., Cheng, H.-P. (2006). Identification of Sinorhizobium meliloti Early Symbiotic Genes by Use of a Positive Functional Screen. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 72: 2738-2748 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • KOPRIVA, S. (2006). Regulation of Sulfate Assimilation in Arabidopsis and Beyond. ANN BOT (LOND) 97: 479-495 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Campbell, G. R. O., Taga, M. E., Mistry, K., Lloret, J., Anderson, P. J., Roth, J. R., Walker, G. C. (2006). Sinorhizobium meliloti bluB is necessary for production of 5,6-dimethylbenzimidazole, the lower ligand of B12. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 103: 4634-4639 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Haine, V., Sinon, A., Van Steen, F., Rousseau, S., Dozot, M., Lestrate, P., Lambert, C., Letesson, J.-J., De Bolle, X. (2005). Systematic Targeted Mutagenesis of Brucella melitensis 16M Reveals a Major Role for GntR Regulators in the Control of Virulence. Infect. Immun. 73: 5578-5586 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Calderon-Flores, A., Du Pont, G., Huerta-Saquero, A., Merchant-Larios, H., Servin-Gonzalez, L., Duran, S. (2005). The Stringent Response Is Required for Amino Acid and Nitrate Utilization, Nod Factor Regulation, Nodulation, and Nitrogen Fixation in Rhizobium etli. J. Bacteriol. 187: 5075-5083 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Luo, L., Yao, S.-Y., Becker, A., Ruberg, S., Yu, G.-Q., Zhu, J.-B., Cheng, H.-P. (2005). Two New Sinorhizobium meliloti LysR-Type Transcriptional Regulators Required for Nodulation. J. Bacteriol. 187: 4562-4572 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Richardson, J. S., Hynes, M. F., Oresnik, I. J. (2004). A Genetic Locus Necessary for Rhamnose Uptake and Catabolism in Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. trifolii. J. Bacteriol. 186: 8433-8442 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Jourand, P., Giraud, E., Bena, G., Sy, A., Willems, A., Gillis, M., Dreyfus, B., de Lajudie, P. (2004). Methylobacterium nodulans sp. nov., for a group of aerobic, facultatively methylotrophic, legume root-nodule-forming and nitrogen-fixing bacteria. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 54: 2269-2273 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Yao, S.-Y., Luo, L., Har, K. J., Becker, A., Ruberg, S., Yu, G.-Q., Zhu, J.-B., Cheng, H.-P. (2004). Sinorhizobium meliloti ExoR and ExoS Proteins Regulate both Succinoglycan and Flagellum Production. J. Bacteriol. 186: 6042-6049 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Hoang, H. H., Becker, A., Gonzalez, J. E. (2004). The LuxR Homolog ExpR, in Combination with the Sin Quorum Sensing System, Plays a Central Role in Sinorhizobium meliloti Gene Expression. J. Bacteriol. 186: 5460-5472 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • House, B. L., Mortimer, M. W., Kahn, M. L. (2004). New Recombination Methods for Sinorhizobium meliloti Genetics. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 70: 2806-2815 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Jones, W. T., Al-Samarrai, T., Reeves, J. M., Ryan, G. B., Kirk, C. A., Vincze, E., Harvey, D., McCambridge, M., Greenwood, D., Reynolds, P. H. S. (2004). The trans-Acting Protein Interacting with the DNA Motif Proximal to the Transcriptional Start Site of Plant L-Asparaginase Is Bacterial Sarcosine Oxidase. J. Bacteriol. 186: 811-817 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Barabote, R. D., Johnson, O. L., Zetina, E., San Francisco, S. K., Fralick, J. A., San Francisco, M. J. D. (2003). Erwinia chrysanthemi tolC Is Involved in Resistance to Antimicrobial Plant Chemicals and Is Essential for Phytopathogenesis. J. Bacteriol. 185: 5772-5778 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Marketon, M. M., Glenn, S. A., Eberhard, A., Gonzalez, J. E. (2003). Quorum Sensing Controls Exopolysaccharide Production in Sinorhizobium meliloti. J. Bacteriol. 185: 325-331 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Marketon, M. M., Gronquist, M. R., Eberhard, A., Gonzalez, J. E. (2002). Characterization of the Sinorhizobium meliloti sinR/sinI Locus and the Production of Novel N-Acyl Homoserine Lactones. J. Bacteriol. 184: 5686-5695 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Hosie, A. H. F., Allaway, D., Poole, P. S. (2002). A Monocarboxylate Permease of Rhizobium leguminosarum Is the First Member of a New Subfamily of Transporters. J. Bacteriol. 184: 5436-5448 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Pellock, B. J., Teplitski, M., Boinay, R. P., Bauer, W. D., Walker, G. C. (2002). A LuxR Homolog Controls Production of Symbiotically Active Extracellular Polysaccharide II by Sinorhizobium meliloti. J. Bacteriol. 184: 5067-5076 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Patriarca, E. J., Tate, R., Iaccarino, M. (2002). Key Role of Bacterial NH4+ Metabolism in Rhizobium-Plant Symbiosis. Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev. 66: 203-222 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Cantera, J. J. L., Kawasaki, H., Seki, T. (2002). Evolutionary relationship of phototrophic bacteria in the {alpha}-Proteobacteria based on farnesyl diphosphate synthase. Microbiology 148: 1923-1929 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Campbell, G. R. O., Reuhs, B. L., Walker, G. C. (2002). Chronic intracellular infection of alfalfa nodules by Sinorhizobium meliloti requires correct lipopolysaccharide core. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 99: 3938-3943 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Meeks, J. C., Elhai, J. (2002). Regulation of Cellular Differentiation in Filamentous Cyanobacteria in Free-Living and Plant-Associated Symbiotic Growth States. Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev. 66: 94-121 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Aeckersberg, F., Lupp, C., Feliciano, B., Ruby, E. G. (2001). Vibrio fischeri Outer Membrane Protein OmpU Plays a Role in Normal Symbiotic Colonization. J. Bacteriol. 183: 6590-6597 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Day, R. B., Okada, M., Ito, Y., Tsukada, K., Zaghouani, H., Shibuya, N., Stacey, G. (2001). Binding Site for Chitin Oligosaccharides in the Soybean Plasma Membrane. Plant Physiol. 126: 1162-1173 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Estrada-De Los Santos, P., Bustillos-Cristales, R., Caballero-Mellado, J. (2001). Burkholderia, a Genus Rich in Plant-Associated Nitrogen Fixers with Wide Environmental and Geographic Distribution. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 67: 2790-2798 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Suominen, L., Roos, C., Lortet, G., Paulin, L., Lindström, K. (2001). Identification and Structure of the Rhizobium galegae Common Nodulation Genes: Evidence for Horizontal Gene Transfer. Mol Biol Evol 18: 907-916 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Sy, A., Giraud, E., Jourand, P., Garcia, N., Willems, A., de Lajudie, P., Prin, Y., Neyra, M., Gillis, M., Boivin-Masson, C., Dreyfus, B. (2001). Methylotrophic Methylobacterium Bacteria Nodulate and Fix Nitrogen in Symbiosis with Legumes. J. Bacteriol. 183: 214-220 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Davey, M. E., de Bruijn, F. J. (2000). A Homologue of the Tryptophan-Rich Sensory Protein TspO and FixL Regulate a Novel Nutrient Deprivation-Induced Sinorhizobium meliloti Locus. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 66: 5353-5359 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Schlüter, A., Nöhlen, M., Krämer, M., Defez, R., Priefer, U. B. (2000). The Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae glnD gene, encoding a uridylyltransferase/uridylyl-removing enzyme, is expressed in the root nodule but is not essential for nitrogen fixation. Microbiology 146: 2987-2996 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Yu, O., Jung, W., Shi, J., Croes, R. A., Fader, G. M., McGonigle, B., Odell, J. T. (2000). Production of the Isoflavones Genistein and Daidzein in Non-Legume Dicot and Monocot Tissues. Plant Physiol. 124: 781-794 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Xi, C., Schoeters, E., Vanderleyden, J., Michiels, J. (2000). Symbiosis-specific expression of Rhizobium etli casA encoding a secreted calmodulin-related protein. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 10.1073/pnas.210181097v1 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Nyholm, S. V., Stabb, E. V., Ruby, E. G., McFall-Ngai, M. J. (2000). From the Cover: Establishment of an animal-bacterial association: Recruiting symbiotic vibrios from the environment. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 97: 10231-10235 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Pellock, B. J., Cheng, H.-P., Walker, G. C. (2000). Alfalfa Root Nodule Invasion Efficiency Is Dependent on Sinorhizobium meliloti Polysaccharides. J. Bacteriol. 182: 4310-4318 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Hu, H., Liu, S., Yang, Y., Chang, W., Hong, G. (2000). In Rhizobium leguminosarum, NodD represses its own transcription by competing with RNA polymerase for binding sites. Nucleic Acids Res 28: 2784-2793 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Zhang, X.-X., Turner, S. L., Guo, X.-W., Yang, H.-J., Debellé, F., Yang, G.-P., Dénarié, J., Young, J. P. W., Li, F.-D. (2000). The Common Nodulation Genes of Astragalus sinicus Rhizobia Are Conserved despite Chromosomal Diversity. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 66: 2988-2995 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Tirichine, L., de Billy, F., Huguet, T. (2000). Mtsym6, a Gene Conditioning Sinorhizobium Strain-Specific Nitrogen Fixation in Medicago truncatula. Plant Physiol. 123: 845-852 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Nienaber, A., Huber, A., Göttfert, M., Hennecke, H., Fischer, H.-M. (2000). Three New NifA-Regulated Genes in the Bradyrhizobium japonicum Symbiotic Gene Region Discovered by Competitive DNA-RNA Hybridization. J. Bacteriol. 182: 1472-1480 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Perret, X., Staehelin, C., Broughton, W. J. (2000). Molecular Basis of Symbiotic Promiscuity. Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev. 64: 180-201 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Vinuesa, P., Reuhs, B. L., Breton, C., Werner, D. (1999). Identification of a Plasmid-Borne Locus in Rhizobium etli KIM5s Involved in Lipopolysaccharide O-Chain Biosynthesis and Nodulation of Phaseolus vulgaris. J. Bacteriol. 181: 5606-5614 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Abola, A. P., Willits, M. G., Wang, R. C., Long, S. R. (1999). Reduction of Adenosine-5'-Phosphosulfate Instead of 3'-Phosphoadenosine-5'-Phosphosulfate in Cysteine Biosynthesis by Rhizobium meliloti and Other Members of the Family Rhizobiaceae. J. Bacteriol. 181: 5280-5287 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Molouba, F., Lorquin, J., Willems, A., Hoste, B., Giraud, E., Dreyfus, B., Gillis, M., de Lajudie, P., Masson-Boivin, C. (1999). Photosynthetic Bradyrhizobia from Aeschynomene spp. Are Specific to Stem-Nodulated Species and Form a Separate 16S Ribosomal DNA Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism Group. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 65: 3084-3094 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Taylor, B. L., Zhulin, I. B. (1999). PAS Domains: Internal Sensors of Oxygen, Redox Potential, and Light. Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev. 63: 479-506 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Lellouch, A. C., Geremia, R. A. (1999). Expression and Study of Recombinant ExoM, a beta 1-4 Glucosyltransferase Involved in Succinoglycan Biosynthesis in Sinorhizobium meliloti. J. Bacteriol. 181: 1141-1148 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Liu, M., González, J. E., Willis, L. B., Walker, G. C. (1998). A Novel Screening Method for Isolating Exopolysaccharide-Deficient Mutants. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 64: 4600-4602 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Cheng, H.-P., Walker, G. C. (1998). Succinoglycan Is Required for Initiation and Elongation of Infection Threads during Nodulation of Alfalfa by Rhizobium meliloti. J. Bacteriol. 180: 5183-5191 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Nishiguchi, M. K., Ruby, E. G., McFall-Ngai, M. J. (1998). Competitive Dominance among Strains of Luminous Bacteria Provides an Unusual Form of Evidence for Parallel Evolution in Sepiolid Squid-Vibrio Symbioses. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 64: 3209-3213 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Liu, S.-T., Chang, W.-Z., Cao, H.-M., Hu, H.-L., Chen, Z.-H., Ni, F.-D., Lu, H.-F., Hong, G.-F. (1998). A HU-like Protein Binds to Specific Sites within nod Promoters of Rhizobium leguminosarum. J. Biol. Chem. 273: 20568-20574 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • van Rhijn, P., Goldberg, R. B., Hirsch, A. M. (1998). Lotus corniculatus Nodulation Specificity Is Changed by the Presence of a Soybean Lectin Gene. Plant Cell 10: 1233-1250 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Vinuesa, P., Rademaker, J. L. W., de Bruijn, F. J., Werner, D. (1998). Genotypic Characterization of Bradyrhizobium Strains Nodulating Endemic Woody Legumes of the Canary Islands by PCR-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism Analysis of Genes Encoding 16S rRNA (16S rDNA) and 16S-23S rDNA Intergenic Spacers, Repetitive Extragenic Palindromic PCR Genomic Fingerprinting, and Partial 16S rDNA Sequencing. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 64: 2096-2104 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Ruby, E. G., Lee, K.-H. (1998). The Vibrio fischeri-Euprymna scolopes Light Organ Association: Current Ecological Paradigms. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 64: 805-812 [Full Text]  
  • Lamarcq, L. H., McFall-Ngai, M. J. (1998). Induction of a Gradual, Reversible Morphogenesis of Its Host's Epithelial Brush Border by Vibrio fischeri. Infect. Immun. 66: 777-785 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Walker, H.-P. C. a. G. C. (1998). Succinoglycan Production by Rhizobium meliloti Is Regulated through the ExoS-ChvI Two-Component Regulatory System. J. Bacteriol. 180: 20-26 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Fang, Y., Hirsch, A. M. (1998). Studying Early Nodulin Gene ENOD40 Expression and Induction by Nodulation Factor and Cytokinin in Transgenic Alfalfa. Plant Physiol. 116: 53-68 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • van Rhijn, P., Fang, Y., Galili, S., Shaul, O., Atzmon, N., Wininger, S., Eshed, Y., Lum, M., Li, Y., To, V., Fujishige, N., Kapulnik, Y., Hirsch, A. M. (1997). Expression of early nodulin genes in alfalfa mycorrhizae indicates that signal transduction pathways used in forming arbuscular mycorrhizae and Rhizobium-induced nodules may be conserved. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 94: 5467-5472 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Freiberg, C, Perret, X, Broughton, W J, Rosenthal, A (1996). Sequencing the 500-kb GC-rich symbiotic replicon of Rhizobium sp. NGR234 using dye terminators and a thermostable "sequenase": a beginning.. Genome Res 6: 590-600 [Abstract]  
  • Forsberg, L. S., Bhat, U. R., Carlson, R. W. (2000). Structural Characterization of the O-antigenic Polysaccharide of the Lipopolysaccharide from Rhizobium etli Strain CE3. A UNIQUE O-ACETYLATED GLYCAN OF DISCRETE SIZE, CONTAINING 3-O-METHYL-6-DEOXY-L-TALOSE AND 2,3,4-TRI-O-METHYL-L-FUCOSE. J. Biol. Chem. 275: 18851-18863 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Xi, C., Schoeters, E., Vanderleyden, J., Michiels, J. (2000). Symbiosis-specific expression of Rhizobium etli casA encoding a secreted calmodulin-related protein. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 97: 11114-11119 [Abstract] [Full Text]  


Copyright © 2009 by the American Society for Microbiology.   For an alternate route to Journals.ASM.org, visit: http://intl-journals.asm.org | More Info»