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Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews, December 1998, p. 1046-1078, Vol. 62, No. 4
1092-2172/98/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1998, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Molecular Genetics of the Genus Paracoccus: Metabolically Versatile Bacteria with Bioenergetic Flexibility

Simon C. Baker,1,* Stuart J. Ferguson,1,2 Bernd Ludwig,3 M. Dudley Page,1,2 Oliver-Matthias H. Richter,3 and Rob J. M. van Spanning4

Department of Biochemistry1 and Oxford Centre for Molecular Sciences,2 University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QU, United Kingdom; Institut für Biochemie, Molekulare Genetik, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität, Frankfurt Biozentrum N200, D-60439, Frankfurt, Germany3; and Department of Microbial Physiology, Faculty of Biology, BioCentrum Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit, NL-1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands4

Paracoccus denitrificans and its near relative Paracoccus versutus (formerly known as Thiobacilllus versutus) have been attracting increasing attention because the aerobic respiratory system of P. denitrificans has long been regarded as a model for that of the mitochondrion, with which there are many components (e.g., cytochrome aa3 oxidase) in common. Members of the genus exhibit a great range of metabolic flexibility, particularly with respect to processes involving respiration. Prominent examples of flexibility are the use in denitrification of nitrate, nitrite, nitrous oxide, and nitric oxide as alternative electron acceptors to oxygen and the ability to use C1 compounds (e.g., methanol and methylamine) as electron donors to the respiratory chains. The proteins required for these respiratory processes are not constitutive, and the underlying complex regulatory systems that regulate their expression are beginning to be unraveled. There has been uncertainty about whether transcription in a member of the alpha-3 Proteobacteria such as P. denitrificans involves a conventional sigma 70-type RNA polymerase, especially since canonical -35 and -10 DNA binding sites have not been readily identified. In this review, we argue that many genes, in particular those encoding constitutive proteins, may be under the control of a sigma 70 RNA polymerase very closely related to that of Rhodobacter capsulatus. While the main focus is on the structure and regulation of genes coding for products involved in respiratory processes in Paracoccus, the current state of knowledge of the components of such respiratory pathways, and their biogenesis, is also reviewed.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Rd., Oxford OX1 3QU, United Kingdom. Phone: 44 1865-275242. Fax: 44 1865-275259. E-mail address: bioc0052{at}ermine.ox.ac.uk.

Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews, December 1998, p. 1046-1078, Vol. 62, No. 4
1092-2172/98/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1998, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


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