{phi}29 Family of Phages

doi:10.1128/MMBR.65.2.261-287.2001

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Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews, June 2001, p. 261-287, Vol. 65, No. 2
1092-2172/01/$04.00+0 DOI: 10.1128/MMBR.65.2.261-287.2001
Copyright © 2001, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

$phi$ 29 Family of Phages

Wilfried J. J. Meijer, José A. Horcajadas, and Margarita Salas^*

Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (CSIC-UAM), Universidad Autónoma, Canto Blanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain

Continuous research spanning more than three decades has made the Bacillus bacteriophage $phi$ 29 a paradigm for several molecularmechanisms of general biological processes, such as DNA replication,regulation of transcription, phage morphogenesis, and phage DNApackaging. The genome of bacteriophage $phi$ 29 consists of a lineardouble-stranded DNA (dsDNA), which has a terminal protein (TP)covalently linked to its 5' ends. Initiation of DNA replication,carried out by a protein-primed mechanism, has been studied indetail and is considered to be a model system for the protein-primedDNA replication that is also used by most other linear genomeswith a TP linked to their DNA ends, such as other phages, linearplasmids, and adenoviruses. In addition to a continuing progressin unraveling the initiation of DNA replication mechanism andthe role of various proteins involved in this process, major advanceshave been made during the last few years, especially in our understandingof transcription regulation, the head-tail connector protein,and DNA packaging. Recent progress in all these topics is reviewed.In addition to $phi$ 29, the genomes of several other Bacillus phagesconsist of a linear dsDNA with a TP molecule attached to their5' ends. These $phi$ 29-like phages can be divided into three groups.The first group includes, in addition to $phi$ 29, phages PZA, $phi$ 15,and BS32. The second group comprises B103, Nf, and M2Y, and thethird group contains GA-1 as its sole member. Whereas the DNAsequences of the complete genomes of $phi$ 29 (group I) and B103 (groupII) are known, only parts of the genome of GA-1 (group III) weresequenced. We have determined the complete DNA sequence of theGA-1 genome, which allowed analysis of differences and homologiesbetween the three groups of $phi$ 29-like phages, which is includedin thisreview.

^* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa," Universidad Autónoma, Canto Blanco,28049 Madrid, Spain. Phone: (34) 91 397 8435. Fax: (34) 91 3978490. E-mail: msalas{at}cbm.uam.es.

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