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Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews, September 2002, p. 426-446, Vol. 66, No. 3
1092-2172/02/$04.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/MMBR.66.3.426-446.2002
Copyright © 2002, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Regulation of Gene Expression by Ambient pH in Filamentous Fungi and Yeasts

Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas CSIC, Madrid 28006, Spain,¹ Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom²

Life, as we know it, is water based. Exposure to hydroxonium and hydroxide ions is constant and ubiquitous, and the evolutionary pressure to respond appropriately to these ions is likely to be intense. Fungi respond to their environments by tailoring their output of activities destined for the cell surface or beyond to the ambient pH. We are beginning to glimpse how they sense ambient pH and transmit this information to the transcription factor, whose roles ensure that a suitable collection of gene products will be made. Although relatively little is known about pH signal transduction itself, its consequences for the cognate transcription factor are much clearer. Intriguingly, homologues of components of this system mediating the regulation of fungal gene expression by ambient pH are to be found in the animal kingdom. The potential applied importance of this regulatory system lies in its key role in fungal pathogenicity of animals and plants and in its control of fungal production of toxins, antibiotics, and secreted enzymes.

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