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Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews, September 2004, p. 403-431, Vol. 68, No. 3
1092-2172/04/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/MMBR.68.3.403-431.2004
Copyright © 2004, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Biodiversity of Vibrios

Fabiano L. Thompson,1,2* Tetsuya Iida,3 and Jean Swings1,2

Laboratory of Microbiology and,1 BCCM/LMG Bacteria Collection Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium,2 Department of Bacterial Infections, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan3

Vibrios are ubiquitous and abundant in the aquatic environment. A high abundance of vibrios is also detected in tissues and/or organs of various marine algae and animals, e.g., abalones, bivalves, corals, fish, shrimp, sponges, squid, and zooplankton. Vibrios harbour a wealth of diverse genomes as revealed by different genomic techniques including amplified fragment length polymorphism, multilocus sequence typing, repetetive extragenic palindrome PCR, ribotyping, and whole-genome sequencing. The 74 species of this group are distributed among four different families, i.e., Enterovibrionaceae, Photobacteriaceae, Salinivibrionaceae, and Vibrionaceae. Two new genera, i.e., Enterovibrio norvegicus and Grimontia hollisae, and 20 novel species, i.e., Enterovibrio coralii, Photobacterium eurosenbergii, V. brasiliensis, V. chagasii, V. coralliillyticus, V. crassostreae, V. fortis, V. gallicus, V. hepatarius, V. hispanicus, V. kanaloaei, V. neonatus, V. neptunius, V. pomeroyi, V. pacinii, V. rotiferianus, V. superstes, V. tasmaniensis, V. ezurae, and V. xuii, have been described in the last few years. Comparative genome analyses have already revealed a variety of genomic events, including mutations, chromosomal rearrangements, loss of genes by decay or deletion, and gene acquisitions through duplication or horizontal transfer (e.g., in the acquisition of bacteriophages, pathogenicity islands, and super-integrons), that are probably important driving forces in the evolution and speciation of vibrios. Whole-genome sequencing and comparative genomics through the application of, e.g., microarrays will facilitate the investigation of the gene repertoire at the species level. Based on such new genomic information, the taxonomy and the species concept for vibrios will be reviewed in the next years.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Laboratory of Microbiology, Ghent University, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, Ghent 9000, Belgium. Phone: 32-9-264 5238. Fax: 32-9-264 5092. E-mail: Fabiano.Thompson{at}ugent.be.

Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews, September 2004, p. 403-431, Vol. 68, No. 3
1092-2172/04/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/MMBR.68.3.403-431.2004
Copyright © 2004, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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