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Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews, March 2009, p. 134-154, Vol. 73, No. 1
1092-2172/09/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/MMBR.00034-08
Copyright © 2009, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Eukaryotic Translesion Polymerases and Their Roles and Regulation in DNA Damage Tolerance

Lauren S. Waters ,{dagger},{ddagger} Brenda K. Minesinger,{ddagger} Mary Ellen Wiltrout,{ddagger} Sanjay D'Souza, Rachel V. Woodruff, and Graham C. Walker*

Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 01239

Summary: DNA repair and DNA damage tolerance machineries are crucial to overcome the vast array of DNA damage that a cell encounters during its lifetime. In this review, we summarize the current state of knowledge about the eukaryotic DNA damage tolerance pathway translesion synthesis (TLS), a process in which specialized DNA polymerases replicate across from DNA lesions. TLS aids in resistance to DNA damage, presumably by restarting stalled replication forks or filling in gaps that remain in the genome due to the presence of DNA lesions. One consequence of this process is the potential risk of introducing mutations. Given the role of these translesion polymerases in mutagenesis, we discuss the significant regulatory mechanisms that control the five known eukaryotic translesion polymerases: Rev1, Pol {zeta}, Pol {kappa}, Pol {eta}, and Pol {iota}.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Biology, Building 68, Room 653, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139. Phone: (617) 253-6716. Fax: (617) 253-2643. E-mail: gwalker{at}mit.edu

{dagger} Present address: Cell Biology and Metabolism Program, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, 18 Library Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892-5430.

{ddagger} These authors have contributed equally to the writing of this paper.

Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews, March 2009, p. 134-154, Vol. 73, No. 1
1092-2172/09/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/MMBR.00034-08
Copyright © 2009, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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