Fig 3

Structures of three characteristic ladderane lipids. I, ladderane fatty acid containing ring system Y; II, ladderane monoalkyl glycerol ether containing ring system X; III, ladderane glycerol ether/ester containing both ring systems X and Y. Lipids containing ladderane moieties X and Y are abundant membrane lipids in anammox bacteria. (Adapted from reference 35 with kind permission from Springer Science+Business Media.)